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Background <p>Although the global burden of COVID-19 has significantly decreased, understanding the role of micronutrients in modulating immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, especially among vulnerable populations like the healthcare workers, remains very important. This study assessed the association between serum vitamin levels and COVID-19 infection in this high-risk group in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.</p> Methodology <p>A cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 181 apparently healthy healthcare workers with varying degrees of exposure to COVID-19 patients was carried out over a 6-week period in February to March 2022. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic data and venous blood of all participants were collected for biochemical assay of both fat- and water-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and Vitamins B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, B<sub>5,</sub> B<sub>6</sub>, B<sub>9,</sub> B<sub>12</sub> and C, respectively, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were analysed using IBM IPSS version 25.</p> Results <p>The prevalence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection was 23.2%. Slightly more than half (99; 54.7%) were below forty years of age. COVID-19 positive individuals had significantly lower mean serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins compared to their COVID-19 negative counterparts, as follows; A (37.31&#xa0;µg/dL vs. 44.57&#xa0;µg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.003), D (42.03 ng/mL vs. 50.59 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.024), and E (0.84&#xa0;mg/dL vs. 1.01&#xa0;mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.019), and water-soluble vitamins B1 (106.02 nmol/L vs. 136.51 nmol/L, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), B2 (52.89 ng/mL vs. 69.56 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.003), B5 (5.54 ng/mL vs. 7.74 ng/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), B6 (18.31 ng/mL vs. 25.02 ng/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), B9 (11.34 ng/mL vs. 13.92 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and C (0.63&#xa0;mg/dL vs. 0.78&#xa0;mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Vitamins K and B12 were not significantly different between the two groups.</p> Conclusions <p>This study identified an association between lower serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E, and most water-soluble vitamins with COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers. While further research is needed, these findings suggest the potential usefulness of micronutrient intervention to reduce vulnerability to COVID-19 and related infections.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Association between serum vitamins and COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study of healthcare workers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Tajudin Adesegun Adetunji,
  • Olusola Akanni Jeje,
  • Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo,
  • Olufemi Samuel Smith,
  • Olusola Joseph Olarewaju,
  • Baderinwa Opeyemi Akanji,
  • Olusola Fajobi,
  • Taiwo Samson Olumakinde,
  • Waidi Folorunso Sule,
  • Sunday Babatunde Akinde,
  • Rahman Ayodele Bolarinwa

摘要

Background

Although the global burden of COVID-19 has significantly decreased, understanding the role of micronutrients in modulating immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, especially among vulnerable populations like the healthcare workers, remains very important. This study assessed the association between serum vitamin levels and COVID-19 infection in this high-risk group in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Methodology

A cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 181 apparently healthy healthcare workers with varying degrees of exposure to COVID-19 patients was carried out over a 6-week period in February to March 2022. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic data and venous blood of all participants were collected for biochemical assay of both fat- and water-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and Vitamins B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, B12 and C, respectively, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were analysed using IBM IPSS version 25.

Results

The prevalence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection was 23.2%. Slightly more than half (99; 54.7%) were below forty years of age. COVID-19 positive individuals had significantly lower mean serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins compared to their COVID-19 negative counterparts, as follows; A (37.31 µg/dL vs. 44.57 µg/dL, p = 0.003), D (42.03 ng/mL vs. 50.59 ng/mL, p = 0.024), and E (0.84 mg/dL vs. 1.01 mg/dL, p = 0.019), and water-soluble vitamins B1 (106.02 nmol/L vs. 136.51 nmol/L, p < 0.001), B2 (52.89 ng/mL vs. 69.56 ng/mL, p = 0.003), B5 (5.54 ng/mL vs. 7.74 ng/mL, p < 0.001), B6 (18.31 ng/mL vs. 25.02 ng/mL, p < 0.001), B9 (11.34 ng/mL vs. 13.92 ng/mL, p = 0.002), and C (0.63 mg/dL vs. 0.78 mg/dL, p = 0.007). Vitamins K and B12 were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

This study identified an association between lower serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E, and most water-soluble vitamins with COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers. While further research is needed, these findings suggest the potential usefulness of micronutrient intervention to reduce vulnerability to COVID-19 and related infections.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.