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Background <p>The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing, and the identification of new <i>Mycobacterium</i> species is also increasing. We describe the first case of chronic pulmonary infection caused by a novel <i>Mycobacterium</i> species.</p> Case presentation <p>A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a several-week history of low-grade fever and productive cough. An acid-fast bacillus smear test of the sputum revealed positive. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> was positive; however, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) failed to identify the strain. The isolated culture was referred for further genotypic identification and was confirmed to be a novel species. Combination therapy with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and sitafloxacin was started. Despite treatment, the patient’s condition gradually worsened during the subsequent follow-up period.</p> Conclusions <p>We describe the first case of NTM-PD with a novel <i>Mycobacterium</i> species. <i>Mycobacterium habikinoensis</i> is a novel species closely related to <i>Mycobacterium colombiense</i> but with distinct characteristics. Further investigation is required to clarify its pathogenicity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical significance in human infections.</p>

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Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial pulmonary disease due to novel mycobacterium: Mycobacterium habikinoensis: a case report

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Kyohei Maeda,
  • Yoshitaka Tamura,
  • Yuta Nagai,
  • Yuki Kariya,
  • Hiroki Katsuta,
  • Naoko Ajiro,
  • Hiroko Yoshida,
  • Yuki Han,
  • Shoji Hashimoto,
  • Kinuyo Chikamatsu,
  • Akiko Takaki,
  • Yuki Matsumoto,
  • Rizky Mutiara Fatimah,
  • Michio Tanaka,
  • Shota Nakamura,
  • Tetsuya Iida,
  • Satoshi Mitarai,
  • Takayuki Nagai

摘要

Background

The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing, and the identification of new Mycobacterium species is also increasing. We describe the first case of chronic pulmonary infection caused by a novel Mycobacterium species.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a several-week history of low-grade fever and productive cough. An acid-fast bacillus smear test of the sputum revealed positive. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium intracellulare was positive; however, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) failed to identify the strain. The isolated culture was referred for further genotypic identification and was confirmed to be a novel species. Combination therapy with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and sitafloxacin was started. Despite treatment, the patient’s condition gradually worsened during the subsequent follow-up period.

Conclusions

We describe the first case of NTM-PD with a novel Mycobacterium species. Mycobacterium habikinoensis is a novel species closely related to Mycobacterium colombiense but with distinct characteristics. Further investigation is required to clarify its pathogenicity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical significance in human infections.