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Objective <p>To evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptor 5 on monocyte at ICU admission as a potentially novel early screening biomarker to predict the mortality risk of sepsis.</p> Methods <p>Patients with sepsis (<i>n</i> = 107), ICU non-septic controls (<i>n</i> = 53) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 55) from May 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled. The expression of Toll-like receptor 5 on monocyte were detected by Flow cytometry within 4&#xa0;h at ICU admission. The efficacy of Toll-like receptor 5 for predicting mortality risk of sepsis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves. The Toll-like receptor 5 was categorized into higher and lower groups on the basis of the cutoff value, and Kaplan-Meier survival rates were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between Toll-like receptor 5 and the mortality risk of sepsis.</p> Results <p>Toll-like receptor 5 levels on monocyte at ICU admission in patients with sepsis were significantly higher than those in ICU non-septic patients and the healthy controls. The expression of Toll-like receptor 5 on monocyte in septic non-survivors were significantly higher than that in survivors. Moreover, the AUC of Toll-like receptor 5 (0.6983, <i>P</i> = 0.0006) for predicting mortality risk of sepsis were higher than PCT (0.5741, <i>P</i> = 0.2012) ,CRP (0.5820, <i>P</i> = 0.1582) and WBC (0.6381, <i>P</i> = 0.0172), but lower than APACHE II (0.7101, <i>P</i> = 0.0003) and SOFA score (0.7888, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). The AUC of Toll-like receptor 5 combined with SOFA score for estimating 28-day mortality in septic patients increased from 0.6983 to 0.8030 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). Toll-like receptor 5, SOFA and APACHE II scores at ICU admission were found to be independent predictors of sepsis 28-day mortality. In addition, septic patients with higher Toll-like receptor 5 level (≥ 2.05) had poorer survival than those with lower levels (&lt; 2.05) (<i>P</i> = 0.0002).</p> Conclusion <p>The expression of TLR5 on monocyte at ICU admission were valuable for predicting the mortality risk of sepsis. These findings can be used as a early screening biomarker to predict the mortality risk of sepsis.</p>

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Toll-like receptor 5 on monocyte as a biomarker of mortality risk in patients with sepsis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Hong Tan,
  • Hanyi Wang,
  • Xuanyi Zhou,
  • Wenjun Que,
  • Xiaoliang Yang

摘要

Objective

To evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptor 5 on monocyte at ICU admission as a potentially novel early screening biomarker to predict the mortality risk of sepsis.

Methods

Patients with sepsis (n = 107), ICU non-septic controls (n = 53) and healthy controls (n = 55) from May 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled. The expression of Toll-like receptor 5 on monocyte were detected by Flow cytometry within 4 h at ICU admission. The efficacy of Toll-like receptor 5 for predicting mortality risk of sepsis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves. The Toll-like receptor 5 was categorized into higher and lower groups on the basis of the cutoff value, and Kaplan-Meier survival rates were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between Toll-like receptor 5 and the mortality risk of sepsis.

Results

Toll-like receptor 5 levels on monocyte at ICU admission in patients with sepsis were significantly higher than those in ICU non-septic patients and the healthy controls. The expression of Toll-like receptor 5 on monocyte in septic non-survivors were significantly higher than that in survivors. Moreover, the AUC of Toll-like receptor 5 (0.6983, P = 0.0006) for predicting mortality risk of sepsis were higher than PCT (0.5741, P = 0.2012) ,CRP (0.5820, P = 0.1582) and WBC (0.6381, P = 0.0172), but lower than APACHE II (0.7101, P = 0.0003) and SOFA score (0.7888, P < 0.0001). The AUC of Toll-like receptor 5 combined with SOFA score for estimating 28-day mortality in septic patients increased from 0.6983 to 0.8030 (P < 0.0001). Toll-like receptor 5, SOFA and APACHE II scores at ICU admission were found to be independent predictors of sepsis 28-day mortality. In addition, septic patients with higher Toll-like receptor 5 level (≥ 2.05) had poorer survival than those with lower levels (< 2.05) (P = 0.0002).

Conclusion

The expression of TLR5 on monocyte at ICU admission were valuable for predicting the mortality risk of sepsis. These findings can be used as a early screening biomarker to predict the mortality risk of sepsis.