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Background <p>Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs) create a heavy burden by prolonging hospitalization and increasing costs. Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) framework helps mitigate this by identifying high-risk patients for targeted control.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2022–2023). The study assessed differences in average length of hospital stay (ALOS) and costs between bloodstream infection (BSI) and non-BSI groups through comprehensive comparisons (overall, major diagnostic category (MDC) and DRG-stratified). Furthermore, the study deeply explored the associations among bacterial distribution, influencing factors and economic burden in high-incidence DRG subgroups.</p> Results <p>Among 133,692 DRG discharge cases, 263 HA-BSI cases (0.20%) were identified. Infected groups showed significantly longer ALOS and higher costs than non-infected groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with HA-BSI subgroups also showing this trend (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). These cases distributed across 19 MDCs (covering 79 DRGs), with MDCR (25.86%, highest concentration), MDCS (16.35%), and MDCA (5.44%, highest incidence) as key MDCs; DRG concentrations included SR11 (11.41%), RU10 (7.60%), and RR11 (20.41%). Pathogens were predominantly Gram-negative (56.98%), led by Escherichia coli(23.26%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(12.40%).</p> Conclusions <p>To mitigate the disproportionate clinical and economic burden of HA-BSIs on specific patient groups under DRGs, implementing risk-stratified prevention is crucial. Simultaneously, empirical therapy must be optimized to target the predominant Gram-negative pathogens.</p>

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Bacterial distribution and disease burden analysis in hospital-acquired bloodstream infections according to Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) data

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Min Liu,
  • Richun Liu,
  • Zhuobing Liu,
  • Ke He,
  • Ling Chen

摘要

Background

Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs) create a heavy burden by prolonging hospitalization and increasing costs. Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) framework helps mitigate this by identifying high-risk patients for targeted control.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2022–2023). The study assessed differences in average length of hospital stay (ALOS) and costs between bloodstream infection (BSI) and non-BSI groups through comprehensive comparisons (overall, major diagnostic category (MDC) and DRG-stratified). Furthermore, the study deeply explored the associations among bacterial distribution, influencing factors and economic burden in high-incidence DRG subgroups.

Results

Among 133,692 DRG discharge cases, 263 HA-BSI cases (0.20%) were identified. Infected groups showed significantly longer ALOS and higher costs than non-infected groups (p < 0.001), with HA-BSI subgroups also showing this trend (p < 0.001). These cases distributed across 19 MDCs (covering 79 DRGs), with MDCR (25.86%, highest concentration), MDCS (16.35%), and MDCA (5.44%, highest incidence) as key MDCs; DRG concentrations included SR11 (11.41%), RU10 (7.60%), and RR11 (20.41%). Pathogens were predominantly Gram-negative (56.98%), led by Escherichia coli(23.26%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(12.40%).

Conclusions

To mitigate the disproportionate clinical and economic burden of HA-BSIs on specific patient groups under DRGs, implementing risk-stratified prevention is crucial. Simultaneously, empirical therapy must be optimized to target the predominant Gram-negative pathogens.