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Background <p>Neonatal pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns, which is easily affected by seasons and climate. This study investigates the prevalence of common respiratory pathogens in neonatal community-acquired pneumonia (NCAP), and to examine their correlation with seasonal and meteorological factors in order to reduce the rates of neonatal pneumonia infections and mortality.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective analysis of clinical data from nasopharyngeal secretions of 302 neonates with NCAP in Xiaogan, Central China over five consecutive years from 2019 to 2023 was conducted, employing a seasonal model to predict the incidence of common pathogens.</p> Results <p>Bacteria were most commonly detected among NCAP (44.0%, 133/302), followed by viruses (30.5%, 92/302). Among bacteria, Gram-negative pathogens were predominant, primarily Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Moraxella catarrhalis; Staphylococcus aureus was the most common among Gram-positive bacteria. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common viral pathogen. RSV, along with Influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Human rhinovirus, exhibited strong seasonality. The detection rate of RSV showed a negative correlation with average temperature, precipitation, and sunlight duration. Staphylococcus aureus’s prevalence negatively correlated with average temperature, while Escherichia coli was positively correlated with average humidity. Both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis showed negative correlations with sunlight duration.</p> Conclusion <p>In NCAP, bacteria are most frequently detected. However, viral infections should also be considered significant. Most respiratory pathogens displayed distinct seasonality, particularly temperature and sunlight duration, which are major influences on most pathogens.</p>

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The impact of meteorological factors on the respiratory pathogens of neonatal community-acquired pneumonia in Central China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Ying Zeng,
  • Zhe Song,
  • Juntao Wu,
  • Shujie Yang,
  • Haiyan Zhang

摘要

Background

Neonatal pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns, which is easily affected by seasons and climate. This study investigates the prevalence of common respiratory pathogens in neonatal community-acquired pneumonia (NCAP), and to examine their correlation with seasonal and meteorological factors in order to reduce the rates of neonatal pneumonia infections and mortality.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of clinical data from nasopharyngeal secretions of 302 neonates with NCAP in Xiaogan, Central China over five consecutive years from 2019 to 2023 was conducted, employing a seasonal model to predict the incidence of common pathogens.

Results

Bacteria were most commonly detected among NCAP (44.0%, 133/302), followed by viruses (30.5%, 92/302). Among bacteria, Gram-negative pathogens were predominant, primarily Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Moraxella catarrhalis; Staphylococcus aureus was the most common among Gram-positive bacteria. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common viral pathogen. RSV, along with Influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Human rhinovirus, exhibited strong seasonality. The detection rate of RSV showed a negative correlation with average temperature, precipitation, and sunlight duration. Staphylococcus aureus’s prevalence negatively correlated with average temperature, while Escherichia coli was positively correlated with average humidity. Both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis showed negative correlations with sunlight duration.

Conclusion

In NCAP, bacteria are most frequently detected. However, viral infections should also be considered significant. Most respiratory pathogens displayed distinct seasonality, particularly temperature and sunlight duration, which are major influences on most pathogens.