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Background <p>Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder that necessitates the prolonged use of corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Immunosuppressive medications are now commonly incorporated into treatment plans; however, this may increase patients’ risk of severe infections. Infections caused by <i>Talaromyces marneffei</i> (TM) are rarely seen in patients with AS, yet if left untreated, they could result in severe morbidity and even death.</p> Case report <p>This report presents a comprehensive case study of a 44-year-old Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-negative male with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) complicated by diabetes mellitus, who developed both soft tissue and pulmonary infections. Initial diagnosis suggested a bacterial etiology; however, clinical response to broad-spectrum antibiotics was suboptimal. Subsequent diagnostic procedures, including biopsy and culture of axillary lymph nodes and pulmonary tissue, coupled with Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS), confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated TM infection. The patient achieved favorable outcomes following targeted antifungal therapy.</p> Conclusion <p>Patients with compromised immune function due to chronic immunosuppressive treatments require vigilant monitoring for uncommon opportunistic pathogens, particularly fungal infections. Advanced diagnostic techniques for early identification of pathogens, prompt and accurate prescription of antimicrobial agents, tailored dosing schedules, and stringent monitoring for potential complications are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.</p>

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Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection in a patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis: a case report and review of the literature

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Yaoqin Wang,
  • Meichun Liang,
  • Meina Hu,
  • Guofeng Mao

摘要

Background

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder that necessitates the prolonged use of corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Immunosuppressive medications are now commonly incorporated into treatment plans; however, this may increase patients’ risk of severe infections. Infections caused by Talaromyces marneffei (TM) are rarely seen in patients with AS, yet if left untreated, they could result in severe morbidity and even death.

Case report

This report presents a comprehensive case study of a 44-year-old Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-negative male with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) complicated by diabetes mellitus, who developed both soft tissue and pulmonary infections. Initial diagnosis suggested a bacterial etiology; however, clinical response to broad-spectrum antibiotics was suboptimal. Subsequent diagnostic procedures, including biopsy and culture of axillary lymph nodes and pulmonary tissue, coupled with Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS), confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated TM infection. The patient achieved favorable outcomes following targeted antifungal therapy.

Conclusion

Patients with compromised immune function due to chronic immunosuppressive treatments require vigilant monitoring for uncommon opportunistic pathogens, particularly fungal infections. Advanced diagnostic techniques for early identification of pathogens, prompt and accurate prescription of antimicrobial agents, tailored dosing schedules, and stringent monitoring for potential complications are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.