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Background <p>We report a rare case of co-infection involving pulmonary tuberculosis and invasive aspergillosis following a liver transplant.</p> Case presentation <p>A 25-year-old female housewife immigrant from Afghanistan, who had autoimmune hepatitis and underwent a liver transplant, presented with a history of fever and cough for over a month. Probable diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and invasive aspergillosis was made by chest CT, as evidenced by a positive AFB and aspergillosis smear, and MTB PCR, along with the presence of galactomannan antigen in the BAL fluid. The patient improved after 9 months of treatment with anti-tuberculosis and anti-fungal.</p> Conclusions <p>In an endemic setting, the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis is elevated, and co-infection with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, though rare, is significantly more complex. Early detection and targeted management are crucial for improving outcomes.</p>

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Co-infection of active pulmonary tuberculosis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following a liver transplant: a case report

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Sara Abolghasemi,
  • Masoud Mardani,
  • Maryam Valikhani,
  • Amirhassan Rabbani,
  • Mahmood Amiri

摘要

Background

We report a rare case of co-infection involving pulmonary tuberculosis and invasive aspergillosis following a liver transplant.

Case presentation

A 25-year-old female housewife immigrant from Afghanistan, who had autoimmune hepatitis and underwent a liver transplant, presented with a history of fever and cough for over a month. Probable diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and invasive aspergillosis was made by chest CT, as evidenced by a positive AFB and aspergillosis smear, and MTB PCR, along with the presence of galactomannan antigen in the BAL fluid. The patient improved after 9 months of treatment with anti-tuberculosis and anti-fungal.

Conclusions

In an endemic setting, the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis is elevated, and co-infection with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, though rare, is significantly more complex. Early detection and targeted management are crucial for improving outcomes.