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Objectives <p>The aim of this study is to identify the distribution of HPV31 and HPV33 lineages and sublineages, characterize their genetic variability, explore associations between cervical lesions, persistent/multiple infections, and HPV31/33 genetic variations, and estimate selective pressures and divergence times for both genotypes.</p> Methods <p>In this study, a total of 94 samples were collected, with 276 full-length gene sequences obtained for analysis. Phylogenetic analysis evaluating genetic variant diversity was performed using MEGA software. Correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS 20.0. Selective pressure and divergence time estimations were performed using the Datamonkey web server and BEAST v1.8.3, respectively.</p> Results <p>Lineage A, B, and C variants were identified in 26.1%, 4.3%, and 69.6% of the HPV31 isolates, respectively, whereas all the HPV33 variants belonged to lineage A. We detected 108 nucleotide variations in HPV31 and 126 in HPV33. For HPV33, the nonsynonymous mutation A862T (Q97L) in the E7 gene was significantly correlated with cervical lesions (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.441, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the synonymous mutation G7064A (S491S) was significantly associated with cervical lesions (χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.021, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Notably, eleven sites were under positive selection in this study.</p> Conclusion <p>Our study revealed two substitutions—A862T (Q97L) and G7064A (S491S)—associated with cervical lesions, along with eleven sites under positive selection. This work provides new insights into the clinical characteristics of HPV31/33 genetic variations and offers novel perspectives for developing next-generation vaccines in Eastern China.</p>

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Phylogenetics and selective pressure analysis of human papillomavirus types 31 and 33 variants in Eastern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Yan Wang,
  • Wenjie Qu,
  • Qi Zhou,
  • Yingxin Gong,
  • Yaping Wang,
  • Fang Chen,
  • Jiayin Mo,
  • Lin Lin,
  • Tianyi Bi,
  • Wenqian Shi,
  • Feifei Zhang,
  • Zhiyong Wu,
  • Yu Sun,
  • Xing Liu,
  • Na He,
  • Yanyun Li,
  • Congjian Xu

摘要

Objectives

The aim of this study is to identify the distribution of HPV31 and HPV33 lineages and sublineages, characterize their genetic variability, explore associations between cervical lesions, persistent/multiple infections, and HPV31/33 genetic variations, and estimate selective pressures and divergence times for both genotypes.

Methods

In this study, a total of 94 samples were collected, with 276 full-length gene sequences obtained for analysis. Phylogenetic analysis evaluating genetic variant diversity was performed using MEGA software. Correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS 20.0. Selective pressure and divergence time estimations were performed using the Datamonkey web server and BEAST v1.8.3, respectively.

Results

Lineage A, B, and C variants were identified in 26.1%, 4.3%, and 69.6% of the HPV31 isolates, respectively, whereas all the HPV33 variants belonged to lineage A. We detected 108 nucleotide variations in HPV31 and 126 in HPV33. For HPV33, the nonsynonymous mutation A862T (Q97L) in the E7 gene was significantly correlated with cervical lesions (χ2 = 4.441, p < 0.05). Similarly, the synonymous mutation G7064A (S491S) was significantly associated with cervical lesions (χ2 = 5.021, p < 0.05). Notably, eleven sites were under positive selection in this study.

Conclusion

Our study revealed two substitutions—A862T (Q97L) and G7064A (S491S)—associated with cervical lesions, along with eleven sites under positive selection. This work provides new insights into the clinical characteristics of HPV31/33 genetic variations and offers novel perspectives for developing next-generation vaccines in Eastern China.