Background <p>Evidence on violence against women predominantly focuses on those of reproductive age, leaving a gap regarding older women. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based training on enhancing violence-preventive behaviors among older women referring to rural health centers in Kharameh City in 2024.</p> Materials and methods <p>This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 140 older women allocated into experimental (<i>n</i> = 70) and control (<i>n</i> = 70) groups using a multi-stage cluster and simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a standard HBM-based questionnaire before and two months post-intervention. The experimental group received six face-to-face HBM-focused training sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS-27 via paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square tests.</p> Results <p>Pre-intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups across all HBM constructs and behaviors (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Post-intervention, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in knowledge, attitude, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors compared to the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>The HBM-based training intervention significantly enhanced violence-preventive behaviors among older women. Integrating such theory-driven educational programs into primary healthcare settings may empower older women by promoting their self-efficacy and adopting evidence-based preventive behaviors.</p>