Objective <p>To investigate the medication literacy status of family caregivers for old people with traumatic hip fractures and analyze the influencing factors.</p> Methods <p>The primary caregivers of old people with traumatic hip fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. General information was collected using the electronic medical record system or by interviewing family members. The Chinese Medication Literacy Measurement (ChMLM) was used to assess the medication literacy status of the study subjects. Univariate and multivariate linear regression. were conducted to identify the influencing factors of medication literacy among family caregivers for traumatic old people hip fractures. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between variables.</p> Results <p>The mean total ChMLM score of 204 participants was 10.80 ± 2.95. Multivariate linear regression showed that age, education level, monthly household income, occupation, number of medications used by the patient, length of hospital stay, and reading medication instructions were independent influencing factors (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), explaining 45.1% of the variance. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that age &lt; 45&#xa0;years, education ≥ junior high school, monthly income ≥ ¥5000, employed status, patient’s medications &lt; 5 types, hospital stay ≥ 5&#xa0;days, and reading medication instructions were positively correlated with higher ChMLM scores (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>The medication literacy status of family caregivers for old people with traumatic hip fractures is poor. Health education should be strengthened based on risk factors to improve the home medication use of patients. These findings suggest that clinical health education should target at-risk caregivers to enhance medication literacy and improve patient safety and outcomes.</p>