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Introduction <p>With rapid population ageing in China, maintaining physical activity (PA) among older adults is critical for healthy longevity. Housing characteristics—a modifiable environmental factor—remain underexplored as determinants of PA. This study investigates how structural, environmental, and perceived housing features impact PA/exercise, guided by the Social Ecological Model and Environmental Press Theory, with attention to sex differences.</p> Methods <p>Among 3,175 individuals aged 65 and above, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. Multilevel mixed-effects generalised linear models were used to assess the relationships between housing type and home conditions with PA and exercise.</p> Results <p>Compared with those not living in a damaged home, living in a damaged home was significantly associated with increased PA levels (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03–0.12; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, living in a damaged home increased the odds of exercising by 55% (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.20–2.00; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). However, the presence of a musty smell in the home was associated with reduced PA (β = -0.07; 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.02; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Both males and females living in damaged homes were significantly more likely to engage in regular exercise. For males, the odds ratio was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.05–2.10; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas females had slightly higher odds (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.07–2.31; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A musty smell in the home was associated with significantly lower odds of regular exercise among males (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35–0.81; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01); however, no significant association was found for females.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, living in a damaged home was positively associated with increased PA and exercise levels, whereas the presence of a musty smell was linked to reduced PA and exercise levels among older adults. The observed sex differences suggest that interventions may need to be tailored accordingly. Our results underscore the importance of addressing home conditions, particularly damage and air quality, to promote PA among older adults.</p>

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Associations between housing type and home conditions with exercise and physical activity among older adults

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Zeyun Feng

摘要

Introduction

With rapid population ageing in China, maintaining physical activity (PA) among older adults is critical for healthy longevity. Housing characteristics—a modifiable environmental factor—remain underexplored as determinants of PA. This study investigates how structural, environmental, and perceived housing features impact PA/exercise, guided by the Social Ecological Model and Environmental Press Theory, with attention to sex differences.

Methods

Among 3,175 individuals aged 65 and above, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. Multilevel mixed-effects generalised linear models were used to assess the relationships between housing type and home conditions with PA and exercise.

Results

Compared with those not living in a damaged home, living in a damaged home was significantly associated with increased PA levels (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03–0.12; p < 0.001). Additionally, living in a damaged home increased the odds of exercising by 55% (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.20–2.00; p < 0.01). However, the presence of a musty smell in the home was associated with reduced PA (β = -0.07; 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.02; p < 0.01). Both males and females living in damaged homes were significantly more likely to engage in regular exercise. For males, the odds ratio was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.05–2.10; p < 0.05), whereas females had slightly higher odds (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.07–2.31; p < 0.05). A musty smell in the home was associated with significantly lower odds of regular exercise among males (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35–0.81; p < 0.01); however, no significant association was found for females.

Conclusion

Overall, living in a damaged home was positively associated with increased PA and exercise levels, whereas the presence of a musty smell was linked to reduced PA and exercise levels among older adults. The observed sex differences suggest that interventions may need to be tailored accordingly. Our results underscore the importance of addressing home conditions, particularly damage and air quality, to promote PA among older adults.