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Background <p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising in Nigeria, with majority of patients presenting with advanced disease. Despite promising results of <i>PD-L1</i> antibody therapy in clinical trials, efficacy data exclusively derives from Caucasian populations, leaving a critical knowledge gap for African populations. This study investigated <i>PD-L1</i> expression in CRC among blacks, correlating it with clinicopathologic parameters.</p> Methods <p>The immunohistochemical expression of <i>PD-L1</i> was evaluated in 96 cases of CRC diagnosed between February 2022 and January 2024, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. The relationships between the <i>PD-L1</i> expression and the clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients were determined using the chi-square test and Spearman’s rank correlation. <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p> Results <p>CRC showed a male: female ratio of 1:1.8, most occurred in the seventh decade and 54.17% were right-sided. Adenocarcinoma NOS accounted for 72.5%. The majority (<i>n</i> = 55, 57.3%) of the patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage. <i>PD-L1</i> expression was observed in 86.46% of cases, significantly correlating with tumour Size (<i>r</i> = 0.263, <i>p</i> = 0.010*), histologic Grade (<i>r</i> = 0.446, <i>p</i> = 0.000*) and tumour Stage (<i>r</i> = 0.367, <i>p</i> = 0.000*).</p> Conclusion <p>This study highlighted the high frequency of <i>PD-L1</i> expression in CRC among black patients, with significant associations to clinicopathologic parameters. The findings suggest the potential benefit of <i>PD-1/PD-L1</i> targeted therapies and emphasize the need for enhanced early detection and screening in Nigeria.</p>

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Immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in colorectal carcinoma among black patients and the clinicopathological correlates: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月20日

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  • Felix Emeka Menkiti,
  • Chukwudi Onyeaghana Okani,
  • Igwebuike Victor Onyiaorah,
  • Cornelius Ozobia Ukah,
  • Ifeoma Oluchukwu Menkiti,
  • Eric Chukwudi Ihekwoaba,
  • Odili Aloysius Okoye,
  • Ogochukwu Chioma Ofiaeli,
  • Frank Chinedu Akpuaka

摘要

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising in Nigeria, with majority of patients presenting with advanced disease. Despite promising results of PD-L1 antibody therapy in clinical trials, efficacy data exclusively derives from Caucasian populations, leaving a critical knowledge gap for African populations. This study investigated PD-L1 expression in CRC among blacks, correlating it with clinicopathologic parameters.

Methods

The immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 was evaluated in 96 cases of CRC diagnosed between February 2022 and January 2024, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. The relationships between the PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients were determined using the chi-square test and Spearman’s rank correlation. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

CRC showed a male: female ratio of 1:1.8, most occurred in the seventh decade and 54.17% were right-sided. Adenocarcinoma NOS accounted for 72.5%. The majority (n = 55, 57.3%) of the patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage. PD-L1 expression was observed in 86.46% of cases, significantly correlating with tumour Size (r = 0.263, p = 0.010*), histologic Grade (r = 0.446, p = 0.000*) and tumour Stage (r = 0.367, p = 0.000*).

Conclusion

This study highlighted the high frequency of PD-L1 expression in CRC among black patients, with significant associations to clinicopathologic parameters. The findings suggest the potential benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapies and emphasize the need for enhanced early detection and screening in Nigeria.