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Objective <p>This retrospective study aims to evaluate the impact of antibiotics (ATBs) use on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), providing insights into the prudent use of ATBs in patients undergoing immunotherapy.</p> Methods <p>We retrospectively collected data from patients with advanced HCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) at our institution between January 1, 2021, and December 30, 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on ATBs use: an ATB group and a non-ATB group. Clinical baseline characteristics were analyzed, and survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier model. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to analyze influencing factors.</p> Results <p>Among the 102 advanced HCC patients receiving ICIs treatment, 29 were in the ATB group, and 73 were in the non-ATB group. The progression-free survival (PFS) (<i>P</i> = 0.034) and overall survival (OS) (<i>P</i> = 0.021) were significantly shorter in the ATB group compared to the non-ATB group. The difference in PFS between the two groups was associated with ATBs use and patients’ AFP levels, while ATBs use was identified as an independent risk factor for the difference in OS between the groups.</p> Conclusion <p>ATB use in the context of immunotherapy for advanced HCC is associated with reduced PFS and OS. Caution is warranted in the administration of ATBs to patients undergoing immunotherapy.</p>

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The double-edged sword: impact of antibiotic use on immunotherapy efficacy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月4日

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  • Yang Li,
  • Ziwei Feng,
  • Canhua Liang,
  • Shaohuan Lu,
  • GuangZhao Wang,
  • Guangyi Meng

摘要

Objective

This retrospective study aims to evaluate the impact of antibiotics (ATBs) use on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), providing insights into the prudent use of ATBs in patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from patients with advanced HCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) at our institution between January 1, 2021, and December 30, 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on ATBs use: an ATB group and a non-ATB group. Clinical baseline characteristics were analyzed, and survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier model. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to analyze influencing factors.

Results

Among the 102 advanced HCC patients receiving ICIs treatment, 29 were in the ATB group, and 73 were in the non-ATB group. The progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.034) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.021) were significantly shorter in the ATB group compared to the non-ATB group. The difference in PFS between the two groups was associated with ATBs use and patients’ AFP levels, while ATBs use was identified as an independent risk factor for the difference in OS between the groups.

Conclusion

ATB use in the context of immunotherapy for advanced HCC is associated with reduced PFS and OS. Caution is warranted in the administration of ATBs to patients undergoing immunotherapy.