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Background <p><i>Spodoptera exigua</i> is the main pest that harms quinoa. Its larvae feed on leaves, flowers, and grains, seriously affecting the quality and yield of quinoa. However, faced with the feeding of <i>S. exigua</i>, some quinoa cultivars have the characteristics of avoiding or reducing damage and having compensatory ability after being harmed. This study aims to dissect the defensive responses of quinoa cultivars with differing resistance levels to feeding by <i>S. exigua</i>.</p> Methods <p>We compared defensive metabolites and transcriptomes among high-resistant (HR), medium-resistant (MR) and highly-susceptible (HS) quinoa genotypes, and verified gene function via heterologous transformation.</p> Results <p>The contents of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, 12-OPDA, JA and JA-Ile were significantly elevated in MR and HR genotypes. Transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> restricted larval feeding, retarded growth and lowered survival of <i>S. exigua</i>. The expression of <i>CqMYC2L1</i> varied greatly among resistance groups, indicating a potential correlation between JA pathway metabolites. Subcellular localization verified that the <i>CqMYC2L1</i> protein localizes to the nucleus, and dual-luciferase (LUC/REN) assays confirmed its transcriptional repressive activity. Heterologous overexpression of <i>CqMYC2L1</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> significantly elevated the levels of JA, JA-Ile, 12-OPDA, total alkaloids, phenolic acids and lipids, and <i>CqMYC2L1</i> (4.15-fold) showed significant induction to varying degrees. Exogenous JA rapidly activated the transcription and protein abundance of <i>CqMYC2L1</i>, consistent with JA accumulation, and Western blot validated the stable expression of <i>CqMYC2L1</i> protein.</p> Conclusions <p><i>CqMYC2L1 </i>is associated with JA-mediated defensive metabolism, which enhances the accumulation of alkaloids, phenolic acids and lipids to deter <i>S. exigua.</i></p>

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Mechanisms underlying the response of different resistant quinoa cultivars to Spodoptera exigua feeding

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Junna Liu,
  • Ping Zhang,
  • Hanxue Li,
  • Yutao Bai,
  • Xuqin Wang,
  • Lingyuan Zhang,
  • Guofei Jiang,
  • Shunhe Cheng,
  • Peng Qin

摘要

Background

Spodoptera exigua is the main pest that harms quinoa. Its larvae feed on leaves, flowers, and grains, seriously affecting the quality and yield of quinoa. However, faced with the feeding of S. exigua, some quinoa cultivars have the characteristics of avoiding or reducing damage and having compensatory ability after being harmed. This study aims to dissect the defensive responses of quinoa cultivars with differing resistance levels to feeding by S. exigua.

Methods

We compared defensive metabolites and transcriptomes among high-resistant (HR), medium-resistant (MR) and highly-susceptible (HS) quinoa genotypes, and verified gene function via heterologous transformation.

Results

The contents of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, 12-OPDA, JA and JA-Ile were significantly elevated in MR and HR genotypes. Transgenic Arabidopsis restricted larval feeding, retarded growth and lowered survival of S. exigua. The expression of CqMYC2L1 varied greatly among resistance groups, indicating a potential correlation between JA pathway metabolites. Subcellular localization verified that the CqMYC2L1 protein localizes to the nucleus, and dual-luciferase (LUC/REN) assays confirmed its transcriptional repressive activity. Heterologous overexpression of CqMYC2L1 in Arabidopsis significantly elevated the levels of JA, JA-Ile, 12-OPDA, total alkaloids, phenolic acids and lipids, and CqMYC2L1 (4.15-fold) showed significant induction to varying degrees. Exogenous JA rapidly activated the transcription and protein abundance of CqMYC2L1, consistent with JA accumulation, and Western blot validated the stable expression of CqMYC2L1 protein.

Conclusions

CqMYC2L1 is associated with JA-mediated defensive metabolism, which enhances the accumulation of alkaloids, phenolic acids and lipids to deter S. exigua.