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<p>In response to the growing issue of maize lodging caused by typhoons shifting northward into Northeast China, the rational application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) offers a strategy to safeguard maize yields and mitigate economic losses. To elucidate how PGRs applied at different growing stages affect lodging resistance and grain yield, a two-year field experiment (2019–2020) was conducted at the Gongzhuling Field Experimental Station, Jilin Province. The hybrid “Fumin 985” was planted under two densities: D1, 60 000 plants ha⁻<sup>1</sup> and D2, 90 000 plants ha⁻<sup>1</sup>, with three spraying treatments: PGRs at the 10-leaf stage (T10), PGRs at the 15-leaf stage (T15), and water as control (CK). A significant interaction was observed between plant density and application stage. At high density, spraying PGRs at the 10-leaf stage significantly reduced lodging by 37.2%. This effect was primarily attributed to the shortening of basal internodes, an increase in stem diameter, cellulose content and improvements in structural characteristics of roots. Following PGRs application at 15-leaf stage, the grain filling rate increased and the active grain-filling period (P) was prolonged by 2.3 d. Consequently, the thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield improved by 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that under high density, application timing directly improved root, stalk traits and yield components, while directly reducing lodging rate. In conclusion, under high planting density, early PGR application at the 10‑leaf stage significantly reduces lodging by 37.2% through enhancing stalk mechanical strength and root anchorage, whereas application at the 15‑leaf stage significantly increases grain yield by 5.8% by extending the active grain‑filling period and improving thousand‑kernel weight. These findings provide a clear density‑dependent strategy: early PGR application is recommended for typhoon‑prone, high‑risk lodging areas, while late application is preferable for fields where yield maximization is the primary objective.</p>

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Effects of stage-specific plant growth regulators application on lodging resistance and yield formation in maize under high planting density

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Tong Xu,
  • Xiaona Wang,
  • Yuhan Zheng,
  • Yanjie Lv,
  • Yongjun Wang

摘要

In response to the growing issue of maize lodging caused by typhoons shifting northward into Northeast China, the rational application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) offers a strategy to safeguard maize yields and mitigate economic losses. To elucidate how PGRs applied at different growing stages affect lodging resistance and grain yield, a two-year field experiment (2019–2020) was conducted at the Gongzhuling Field Experimental Station, Jilin Province. The hybrid “Fumin 985” was planted under two densities: D1, 60 000 plants ha⁻1 and D2, 90 000 plants ha⁻1, with three spraying treatments: PGRs at the 10-leaf stage (T10), PGRs at the 15-leaf stage (T15), and water as control (CK). A significant interaction was observed between plant density and application stage. At high density, spraying PGRs at the 10-leaf stage significantly reduced lodging by 37.2%. This effect was primarily attributed to the shortening of basal internodes, an increase in stem diameter, cellulose content and improvements in structural characteristics of roots. Following PGRs application at 15-leaf stage, the grain filling rate increased and the active grain-filling period (P) was prolonged by 2.3 d. Consequently, the thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield improved by 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that under high density, application timing directly improved root, stalk traits and yield components, while directly reducing lodging rate. In conclusion, under high planting density, early PGR application at the 10‑leaf stage significantly reduces lodging by 37.2% through enhancing stalk mechanical strength and root anchorage, whereas application at the 15‑leaf stage significantly increases grain yield by 5.8% by extending the active grain‑filling period and improving thousand‑kernel weight. These findings provide a clear density‑dependent strategy: early PGR application is recommended for typhoon‑prone, high‑risk lodging areas, while late application is preferable for fields where yield maximization is the primary objective.