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Background <p>Drought stress severely impairs chickpea productivity through osmotic imbalance and oxidative damage. This study evaluated the efficacy of soil-applied biochar (0%, 1.5%, and 3% v/v) in enhancing the drought tolerance of two contrasting chickpea genotypes (Desi and Kabuli) subjected to varying moisture regimes (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% field capacity).</p> Results <p>The 1.5% biochar application provided the most effective physiological and biochemical balance under severe water deficit. It sustained osmotic adjustment by improving leaf relative water content (up to 12%) and modulating proline accumulation. Furthermore, biochar activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms, upregulating key antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX, GR) and modifying specific isoenzyme profiles. This coordinated response reduced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) by ~ 36% under extreme stress. Genotypically, Desi exhibited strong inherent structural resilience, whereas Kabuli demonstrated high enzymatic plasticity.</p> Conclusions <p>Biochar appears to function as a biochemical modulator enhancing drought tolerance in chickpea via coordinated osmotic adjustment and targeted ROS scavenging. Integrating appropriate biochar doses shows strong potential as a sustainable agronomic strategy to support crop resilience in vulnerable semi-arid agroecosystems.</p>

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Biochar-mediated modulation of drought tolerance and antioxidant defense in Desi and Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Kübra Yıldız,
  • Dilara Ulusal Sevimli,
  • Eray Şimşek,
  • Sertan Çevik

摘要

Background

Drought stress severely impairs chickpea productivity through osmotic imbalance and oxidative damage. This study evaluated the efficacy of soil-applied biochar (0%, 1.5%, and 3% v/v) in enhancing the drought tolerance of two contrasting chickpea genotypes (Desi and Kabuli) subjected to varying moisture regimes (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% field capacity).

Results

The 1.5% biochar application provided the most effective physiological and biochemical balance under severe water deficit. It sustained osmotic adjustment by improving leaf relative water content (up to 12%) and modulating proline accumulation. Furthermore, biochar activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms, upregulating key antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX, GR) and modifying specific isoenzyme profiles. This coordinated response reduced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) by ~ 36% under extreme stress. Genotypically, Desi exhibited strong inherent structural resilience, whereas Kabuli demonstrated high enzymatic plasticity.

Conclusions

Biochar appears to function as a biochemical modulator enhancing drought tolerance in chickpea via coordinated osmotic adjustment and targeted ROS scavenging. Integrating appropriate biochar doses shows strong potential as a sustainable agronomic strategy to support crop resilience in vulnerable semi-arid agroecosystems.