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Background <p>Cr stress represents a major threat to ecosystem sustainability, crop productivity, and human health. Tre is a non-reducing sugar with significant potential to alleviate abiotic stress toxicity. However, its role in mitigating Cr toxicity via seed priming remains poorly understood.</p> Methodology <p> Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of Tre priming on alleviating Cr toxicity in two barley cultivars, Sultan-17 and Haider-93, exposed to three Cr levels (0, 20, and 40 mg kg⁻¹ soil) and three seed priming treatments (hydropriming, 10 mM Tre, and 15 mM Tre).</p> Results <p>Cr stress at 40 mg kg⁻¹ reduced growth and yield in both cultivars, an effect associated with increased oxidative damage and Cr accumulation in plant organs, along with decline in photosynthetic pigments, water content, nutrient uptake, and synthesis of IAA and GA. Tre seed priming notably alleviated these detrimental effects. Specifically, under 40 mg kg⁻¹ Cr stress, 15 mM Tre priming increased biological yield by 58% and 90%, and grain yield by 23.9% and 44.7% in Sultan-17 and Haider-93, respectively, relative to the non-primed controls. These improvements were associated with reduced levels of H₂O₂ (27.6% and 41.7%), MDA (28.5% and 46.2%), and ABA (21.2% and 22.9%); enhanced nutrient accumulation; increased CAT (9.1% and 9.2%) and POD (20.1% and 25.1%) activities; and higher ascorbic acid (14.5% and 10.7%) and APX (15.2% and 26.6%) levels. Furthermore, compared with non-primed controls, Tre priming improved osmotic balance, as reflected by increases in TSP (1.8% and 5.4%), FAA (27% and 34.8%), secondary metabolites, and endogenous Tre synthesis (31.5% and 31%) under Cr stress. These physiological adjustments contributed to enhanced biological and grain yields in both cultivars.</p> Conclusion <p>Collectively, these findings position Tre priming as an effective and economical strategy for improving Cr tolerance and crop production in Cr-contaminated soils, providing a base for developing eco-friendly approaches to ensure safer food production in polluted environments.</p>

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Trehalose priming enhances chromium resilience in barley plants by modulating antioxidant defense, hormonal balance, endogenous trehalose, and nutrient homeostasis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Adeeba Zafar,
  • Muhammad Umer Chattha,
  • Imran Khan,
  • Muhammad Bilal Chattha,
  • Jameel M. Al-Khayri,
  • Othman Al-Dossary,
  • Bader Alsubaie,
  • Mohammed I. Aldaej

摘要

Background

Cr stress represents a major threat to ecosystem sustainability, crop productivity, and human health. Tre is a non-reducing sugar with significant potential to alleviate abiotic stress toxicity. However, its role in mitigating Cr toxicity via seed priming remains poorly understood.

Methodology

Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of Tre priming on alleviating Cr toxicity in two barley cultivars, Sultan-17 and Haider-93, exposed to three Cr levels (0, 20, and 40 mg kg⁻¹ soil) and three seed priming treatments (hydropriming, 10 mM Tre, and 15 mM Tre).

Results

Cr stress at 40 mg kg⁻¹ reduced growth and yield in both cultivars, an effect associated with increased oxidative damage and Cr accumulation in plant organs, along with decline in photosynthetic pigments, water content, nutrient uptake, and synthesis of IAA and GA. Tre seed priming notably alleviated these detrimental effects. Specifically, under 40 mg kg⁻¹ Cr stress, 15 mM Tre priming increased biological yield by 58% and 90%, and grain yield by 23.9% and 44.7% in Sultan-17 and Haider-93, respectively, relative to the non-primed controls. These improvements were associated with reduced levels of H₂O₂ (27.6% and 41.7%), MDA (28.5% and 46.2%), and ABA (21.2% and 22.9%); enhanced nutrient accumulation; increased CAT (9.1% and 9.2%) and POD (20.1% and 25.1%) activities; and higher ascorbic acid (14.5% and 10.7%) and APX (15.2% and 26.6%) levels. Furthermore, compared with non-primed controls, Tre priming improved osmotic balance, as reflected by increases in TSP (1.8% and 5.4%), FAA (27% and 34.8%), secondary metabolites, and endogenous Tre synthesis (31.5% and 31%) under Cr stress. These physiological adjustments contributed to enhanced biological and grain yields in both cultivars.

Conclusion

Collectively, these findings position Tre priming as an effective and economical strategy for improving Cr tolerance and crop production in Cr-contaminated soils, providing a base for developing eco-friendly approaches to ensure safer food production in polluted environments.