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Background <p><i>Cyathula officinalis</i> Kuan. (<i>C</i>. <i>officinalis</i>), a perennial medicinal herb endemic to Sichuan, holds significant pharmacological value in traditional medicine, yet its key functional genes governing physiological traits remain unexplored.</p> Results <p><i>CoTSK</i> encodes a nuclear protein containing conserved tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains that phylogenetically clusters with Amaranthaceae homologs. Subcellular localization confirmed its nuclear distribution, consistent with a role in genome maintenance. Functional assays demonstrated that <i>CoTSK</i> expression conferred a 2.5-fold survival advantage under 0.02% methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stress in <i>E. coli</i>, while showing no tolerance to hydroxyurea (HU), indicating specific protection against alkylation-induced DNA damage. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed distinct stem-predominant expression in <i>C. officinalis</i>, diverging from the leaf-biased pattern observed in <i>C. capitata</i> (<i>CcTSK</i>). Overexpression of <i>CoTSK</i> partially rescued root developmental defects in <i>Arabidopsis AtTSK</i> mutants, restoring root length to 30–42% of wild-type levels, though stem flattening and rosette proliferation phenotypes remained unrescued.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings establish that nuclear-localized <i>CoTSK</i> maintains conserved functions in root development and DNA damage repair while exhibiting distinct stem-predominant expression patterns divergent from its paralog <i>CcTSK</i>. This functional elucidation identifies <i>CoTSK</i> as a molecular target for genetic enhancement of medicinal biomass, particularly through modulation of stem-root developmental coordination, and provides evolutionary insights into TSK family differentiation in Amaranthaceae species.</p>

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Functional characterization of TONSOKU in Cyathula officinalis reveals its role in DNA damage and root development

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Ji Chen,
  • Yao Liu,
  • Xin Luo,
  • Mengzhu He,
  • Jin Xiong,
  • Wenjun Jiang,
  • Jin Huang,
  • Xiaowan Jin,
  • Rui Li,
  • Mengliang Tian

摘要

Background

Cyathula officinalis Kuan. (C. officinalis), a perennial medicinal herb endemic to Sichuan, holds significant pharmacological value in traditional medicine, yet its key functional genes governing physiological traits remain unexplored.

Results

CoTSK encodes a nuclear protein containing conserved tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains that phylogenetically clusters with Amaranthaceae homologs. Subcellular localization confirmed its nuclear distribution, consistent with a role in genome maintenance. Functional assays demonstrated that CoTSK expression conferred a 2.5-fold survival advantage under 0.02% methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stress in E. coli, while showing no tolerance to hydroxyurea (HU), indicating specific protection against alkylation-induced DNA damage. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed distinct stem-predominant expression in C. officinalis, diverging from the leaf-biased pattern observed in C. capitata (CcTSK). Overexpression of CoTSK partially rescued root developmental defects in Arabidopsis AtTSK mutants, restoring root length to 30–42% of wild-type levels, though stem flattening and rosette proliferation phenotypes remained unrescued.

Conclusions

These findings establish that nuclear-localized CoTSK maintains conserved functions in root development and DNA damage repair while exhibiting distinct stem-predominant expression patterns divergent from its paralog CcTSK. This functional elucidation identifies CoTSK as a molecular target for genetic enhancement of medicinal biomass, particularly through modulation of stem-root developmental coordination, and provides evolutionary insights into TSK family differentiation in Amaranthaceae species.