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<p>Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids are major classes of bioactive metabolites that contribute to plant defense and functional value in noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>). Although feruloyl-CoA 6′-hydroxylase 1 (F6′H1) is recognized as a key enzyme in coumarin biosynthesis, its broader role in secondary metabolic regulation and antifungal responses in perennial medicinal plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory function of <i>McF6'H1</i> by transgenic analysis, HPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, and extract-based antifungal assays in noni. Based on an established genetic transformation system, stable <i>McF6'H1</i> overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) lines were obtained and subsequently subjected to HPLC–MS/MS based metabolomic profiling and antifungal evaluation against <i>Phytophthora cactorum</i>, powdery mildew, and <i>Diaporthales</i>. Metabolomic analysis showed that altered <i>McF6'H1</i> expression was associated with pronounced changes in secondary metabolism, including phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone, amino acid, and organic acid pathways. <i>McF6'H1</i> overexpression was associated with increased accumulation of several phenylpropanoid and flavonoid related metabolites, including rutin, luteoloside, and other flavonol derivatives, and with stronger antifungal activity against a powdery mildew-associated fungal isolate and a <i>Diaporthales</i> fungal isolate. Interestingly, both OE and RNAi lines showed increased inhibition of <i>P. cactorum</i>, possibly because altered <i>McF6'H1</i> expression triggered metabolic compensation or flux redistribution within the phenylpropanoid/coumarin network, leading to non-linear changes in antimicrobial metabolites. Overall, our results indicated that <i>McF6'H1</i> was involved in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid metabolic reprogramming and antifungal responses in noni, providing a basis for further studies on metabolic regulation and disease resistance in medicinal plants.</p>

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Metabolomics reveals McF6'H1-mediated regulation of phenylpropanoid/flavonoid metabolism and enhanced antifungal activity in transgenic Morinda citrifolia

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Mingjing Wang,
  • Mei Dao,
  • Li Xu,
  • Xuan Wang,
  • Chang Liu,
  • Gangqiang Dong,
  • Can Wang,
  • Tian Wu

摘要

Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids are major classes of bioactive metabolites that contribute to plant defense and functional value in noni (Morinda citrifolia). Although feruloyl-CoA 6′-hydroxylase 1 (F6′H1) is recognized as a key enzyme in coumarin biosynthesis, its broader role in secondary metabolic regulation and antifungal responses in perennial medicinal plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory function of McF6'H1 by transgenic analysis, HPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, and extract-based antifungal assays in noni. Based on an established genetic transformation system, stable McF6'H1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) lines were obtained and subsequently subjected to HPLC–MS/MS based metabolomic profiling and antifungal evaluation against Phytophthora cactorum, powdery mildew, and Diaporthales. Metabolomic analysis showed that altered McF6'H1 expression was associated with pronounced changes in secondary metabolism, including phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone, amino acid, and organic acid pathways. McF6'H1 overexpression was associated with increased accumulation of several phenylpropanoid and flavonoid related metabolites, including rutin, luteoloside, and other flavonol derivatives, and with stronger antifungal activity against a powdery mildew-associated fungal isolate and a Diaporthales fungal isolate. Interestingly, both OE and RNAi lines showed increased inhibition of P. cactorum, possibly because altered McF6'H1 expression triggered metabolic compensation or flux redistribution within the phenylpropanoid/coumarin network, leading to non-linear changes in antimicrobial metabolites. Overall, our results indicated that McF6'H1 was involved in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid metabolic reprogramming and antifungal responses in noni, providing a basis for further studies on metabolic regulation and disease resistance in medicinal plants.