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Background <p><i>Isodon lophanthoides</i> var. <i>graciliflorus</i> (Benth.) H. Hara, serves as one of the botanical sources for the traditional Chinese medicine “Xihuangcao”. Mixed germplasm resources and insufficient high-quality cultivars hinder its sustainable and high-quality development.</p> Results <p>In this study, we generated a multi-branched mutant <i>B88</i>, induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). It exhibits a 36.78% increase in branching, and a 39.64% increase in plant height at maturity compared to the wild-type (WT) plants, implying high-yield potential. Although Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers revealed genetic variations, it retained the same chromosome number as the WT, indicating genetic stability and continuity. Transcriptomics revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways, and metabolomic identified 54 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), mainly flavonoids and terpenoids. DEGs and DAMs were significantly enriched in diterpenoid biosynthesis, particularly the gibberellin (GA) pathway, with 4.79-fold higher GA content compared to the WT and three key genes (<i>ent-Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase</i>,<i> CPS; Gibberellin 20-oxidase</i>,<i> GA20ox; Gibberellin 2-oxidase</i>,<i> GA2ox</i>) showing significant differences, suggesting that GA may have a comprehensive regulatory effect on plant height, branching, and accumulation of bioactive compounds in <i>I. lophanthoides</i> var. <i>graciliflorus</i>.</p> Conclusions <p>This study strongly supported the value of the breeding material-<i>B88</i> mutant, enriched the genetic diversity of <i>I. lophanthoides</i> var. <i>graciliflorus</i>, and revealed the potential of EMS mutagenesis in the improvement of medicinal plants, offering new insights for elucidating the effects of EMS mutagenesis on the growth regulation, quality improvement, and germplasm innovation of <i>I. lophanthoides</i> var. <i>graciliflorus.</i></p>

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A multi-branched EMS mutant of Isodon lophanthoides var. graciliflorus exhibits significant differences in phytohormones and diterpenoids

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Yongzhen Zou,
  • Keyu Liang,
  • Jingfeng Gu,
  • Shuangshuang Zhao,
  • Ruoting Zhan,
  • Junmin Liu,
  • Liping Wang

摘要

Background

Isodon lophanthoides var. graciliflorus (Benth.) H. Hara, serves as one of the botanical sources for the traditional Chinese medicine “Xihuangcao”. Mixed germplasm resources and insufficient high-quality cultivars hinder its sustainable and high-quality development.

Results

In this study, we generated a multi-branched mutant B88, induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). It exhibits a 36.78% increase in branching, and a 39.64% increase in plant height at maturity compared to the wild-type (WT) plants, implying high-yield potential. Although Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers revealed genetic variations, it retained the same chromosome number as the WT, indicating genetic stability and continuity. Transcriptomics revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways, and metabolomic identified 54 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), mainly flavonoids and terpenoids. DEGs and DAMs were significantly enriched in diterpenoid biosynthesis, particularly the gibberellin (GA) pathway, with 4.79-fold higher GA content compared to the WT and three key genes (ent-Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase, CPS; Gibberellin 20-oxidase, GA20ox; Gibberellin 2-oxidase, GA2ox) showing significant differences, suggesting that GA may have a comprehensive regulatory effect on plant height, branching, and accumulation of bioactive compounds in I. lophanthoides var. graciliflorus.

Conclusions

This study strongly supported the value of the breeding material-B88 mutant, enriched the genetic diversity of I. lophanthoides var. graciliflorus, and revealed the potential of EMS mutagenesis in the improvement of medicinal plants, offering new insights for elucidating the effects of EMS mutagenesis on the growth regulation, quality improvement, and germplasm innovation of I. lophanthoides var. graciliflorus.