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Background <p>Grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) is one of the world’s most important fruit crops, but its production is increasingly challenged by climate change and the rising incidence of spring frost, particularly in sensitive cultivars like ‘Thompson Seedless’. The selection of an appropriate trellis training system and the precise timing of management operations, particularly pruning timing, are key strategies for mitigating frost damage. This study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of year (2023 and 2024 growing seasons), trellis training system (I, T, and Y), and sampling time (March 5, March 25, April 14, and May 5) on the physiological and biochemical indices related to spring frost tolerance in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevine.</p> Results <p>The study was conducted as a split-plot in time within a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance revealed that the main effects of year, sampling time, and training system were significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) for all measured indices, including frost tolerance (assessed by electrolyte leakage and budbreak assays), relative water content (RWC), soluble proteins, starch, soluble carbohydrates, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and total phenols. Among the training systems, the Y and T systems demonstrated superior performance in both years. These systems were associated with the highest levels of soluble protein (14.80 and 16.16&#xa0;mg/g FW, respectively), total phenols (12.25 and 12.07&#xa0;mg GAE/g FW), and frost tolerance as measured by electrolyte leakage (LT<sub>50</sub> of Y=-12.68&#xa0;°C and T=-10.90&#xa0;°C). Conversely, the I system showed greater sensitivity, marked by increased MDA content (7.34 nmol/g FW) and reduced frost tolerance in the budbreak assay (LT<sub>50</sub> of -7.23&#xa0;°C).</p> Conclusions <p>The Y and T training systems enhance spring frost tolerance in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevine by improving the antioxidant defense system and promoting the accumulation of osmolytes. Our findings suggest that the Y and T systems, respectively, are the most effective treatments for improving spring frost tolerance by enhancing the physiological status and reducing oxidative stress in grapevine buds. These systems are recommended as a sustainable management strategy in vineyards prone to spring frost.</p>

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Effect of training systems on spring frost tolerance of ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevine

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Mohammad Ghasemi,
  • Moazzam Hassanpour Asil,
  • Rouhollah Karimi,
  • Amir Sahraroo

摘要

Background

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the world’s most important fruit crops, but its production is increasingly challenged by climate change and the rising incidence of spring frost, particularly in sensitive cultivars like ‘Thompson Seedless’. The selection of an appropriate trellis training system and the precise timing of management operations, particularly pruning timing, are key strategies for mitigating frost damage. This study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of year (2023 and 2024 growing seasons), trellis training system (I, T, and Y), and sampling time (March 5, March 25, April 14, and May 5) on the physiological and biochemical indices related to spring frost tolerance in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevine.

Results

The study was conducted as a split-plot in time within a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance revealed that the main effects of year, sampling time, and training system were significant (p < 0.01) for all measured indices, including frost tolerance (assessed by electrolyte leakage and budbreak assays), relative water content (RWC), soluble proteins, starch, soluble carbohydrates, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total phenols. Among the training systems, the Y and T systems demonstrated superior performance in both years. These systems were associated with the highest levels of soluble protein (14.80 and 16.16 mg/g FW, respectively), total phenols (12.25 and 12.07 mg GAE/g FW), and frost tolerance as measured by electrolyte leakage (LT50 of Y=-12.68 °C and T=-10.90 °C). Conversely, the I system showed greater sensitivity, marked by increased MDA content (7.34 nmol/g FW) and reduced frost tolerance in the budbreak assay (LT50 of -7.23 °C).

Conclusions

The Y and T training systems enhance spring frost tolerance in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevine by improving the antioxidant defense system and promoting the accumulation of osmolytes. Our findings suggest that the Y and T systems, respectively, are the most effective treatments for improving spring frost tolerance by enhancing the physiological status and reducing oxidative stress in grapevine buds. These systems are recommended as a sustainable management strategy in vineyards prone to spring frost.