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Abstract <p>Saline-alkaline stress is a major constraint in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) production. Heterotrimeric G proteins play pivotal roles in plant stress responses. However, their functional mechanisms in maize under saline-alkaline stress remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the maize G protein gene family and elucidate its regulatory mechanisms in response to saline-alkaline stress. Ten G protein genes (belonging to the Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunit families) were identified from the maize genome using bioinformatics approaches. Their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, promoter cis-acting elements, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were systematically analyzed. Gene expression patterns in the saline-alkaline tolerant inbred line Zheng58 and the sensitive line Chang7-2 were investigated using qRT-PCR, alongside the determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities. The Gγ subfamily members (<i>ZmGG1</i>, <i>ZmGG3</i>, and <i>ZmGG5</i>) exhibited differential expression patterns. PPI network analysis revealed extensive interactions between G proteins and signaling components such as phospholipase C and MAP kinases. Under stress conditions, Chang7-2 displayed significant fluctuations in ROS-scavenging enzyme activity and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, this study elucidated the mechanism by which maize G proteins coordinate saline-alkaline stress responses through subfamily-specific expression regulation and intricate signaling networks, thereby providing potential candidate target genes for breeding stress-tolerant maize.</p>

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Genome-wide identification of maize G protein genes and regulatory roles of the ZmGG1 subfamily in saline-alkali stress response

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Li-quan Sun,
  • Chun-xiao Zhang,
  • Jing Dong,
  • Wei Huang,
  • Feng-xue Jin,
  • Cheng-yang Li,
  • Wen-qian Zhou,
  • Wei-lin Wu,
  • Xiao-hui Li

摘要

Abstract

Saline-alkaline stress is a major constraint in maize (Zea mays L.) production. Heterotrimeric G proteins play pivotal roles in plant stress responses. However, their functional mechanisms in maize under saline-alkaline stress remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the maize G protein gene family and elucidate its regulatory mechanisms in response to saline-alkaline stress. Ten G protein genes (belonging to the Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunit families) were identified from the maize genome using bioinformatics approaches. Their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, promoter cis-acting elements, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were systematically analyzed. Gene expression patterns in the saline-alkaline tolerant inbred line Zheng58 and the sensitive line Chang7-2 were investigated using qRT-PCR, alongside the determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities. The Gγ subfamily members (ZmGG1, ZmGG3, and ZmGG5) exhibited differential expression patterns. PPI network analysis revealed extensive interactions between G proteins and signaling components such as phospholipase C and MAP kinases. Under stress conditions, Chang7-2 displayed significant fluctuations in ROS-scavenging enzyme activity and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, this study elucidated the mechanism by which maize G proteins coordinate saline-alkaline stress responses through subfamily-specific expression regulation and intricate signaling networks, thereby providing potential candidate target genes for breeding stress-tolerant maize.