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Background <p>Crop rotation systems are a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, enhancing soil health, breaking pest cycles, and improving nutrient use efficiency. Integrating organic amendments into these systems can further optimize resource recycling and reduce environmental footprints. This study evaluates the application of pig manure within a peanut-wheat-maize rotation, assessing its impacts on crop productivity, quality, and soil safety to advance integrated crop-livestock systems.</p> Methods <p>The field experiment was conducted from May 2014 to October 2015 using a typical peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)–wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)–maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) rotation system. There were six treatments in the experiment, including two controls, namely, CK1 (no fertilizer) and CK2 (chemical fertilizer at 300&#xa0;kg·ha⁻¹); the other treatments involved the application of pig manure as basal fertilizer on the basis of CK2. Four treatments were established on the basis of different pig manure application rates: A1 (pig manure at 37,500&#xa0;kg·ha⁻¹), A2 (pig manure at 75,000&#xa0;kg·ha⁻¹), A3 (pig manure at 112,500&#xa0;kg·ha⁻¹), A4 (pig manure at 225,000&#xa0;kg·ha⁻¹).</p> Results <p>The results showed that applying pig manure as a basal fertilizer significantly increased the yields of peanut, wheat, and maize. The most pronounced yield improvement occurred at an application rate of 75,000&#xa0;kg·ha⁻¹. Under this treatment, peanut, wheat, and maize yields increased by 43.4%, 52.8%, and 9.0%, respectively, compared with CK1. At the same application rate, the quality traits of all three crops reached their highest levels. The crude fat, crude protein, and soluble sugar contents in peanut, wheat, and maize kernels were maximized at 75,000&#xa0;kg·ha⁻¹. Specifically, peanut seeds contained 30.1% crude protein, 18.8% soluble sugar, and 48.7% crude fat. Wheat seeds contained 15.4% crude protein and 26.2% soluble sugar, while maize seeds contained 9.0% crude protein and 22.8% soluble sugar. In addition, soil available nutrient contents increased following pig manure application. Importantly, no excessive accumulation of heavy metals was detected in either crops or soil under any treatment.</p> Conclusion <p>These results collectively indicate that pig manure application within circular agricultural eco-parks not only supports crop growth and quality but also contributes to maintaining soil health, thus providing valuable insights for advancing the integrated goals of food security and sustainable soil management.</p>

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Optimizing the application of pig manure in crop rotation systems: a comprehensive assessment of crop yield, quality, and soil safety

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Chaoping Wang,
  • Peng Li,
  • Yixing Zhang,
  • Guiyan Wang,
  • Huibin Li,
  • Xin-Xin Wang,
  • Jianheng Zhang

摘要

Background

Crop rotation systems are a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, enhancing soil health, breaking pest cycles, and improving nutrient use efficiency. Integrating organic amendments into these systems can further optimize resource recycling and reduce environmental footprints. This study evaluates the application of pig manure within a peanut-wheat-maize rotation, assessing its impacts on crop productivity, quality, and soil safety to advance integrated crop-livestock systems.

Methods

The field experiment was conducted from May 2014 to October 2015 using a typical peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system. There were six treatments in the experiment, including two controls, namely, CK1 (no fertilizer) and CK2 (chemical fertilizer at 300 kg·ha⁻¹); the other treatments involved the application of pig manure as basal fertilizer on the basis of CK2. Four treatments were established on the basis of different pig manure application rates: A1 (pig manure at 37,500 kg·ha⁻¹), A2 (pig manure at 75,000 kg·ha⁻¹), A3 (pig manure at 112,500 kg·ha⁻¹), A4 (pig manure at 225,000 kg·ha⁻¹).

Results

The results showed that applying pig manure as a basal fertilizer significantly increased the yields of peanut, wheat, and maize. The most pronounced yield improvement occurred at an application rate of 75,000 kg·ha⁻¹. Under this treatment, peanut, wheat, and maize yields increased by 43.4%, 52.8%, and 9.0%, respectively, compared with CK1. At the same application rate, the quality traits of all three crops reached their highest levels. The crude fat, crude protein, and soluble sugar contents in peanut, wheat, and maize kernels were maximized at 75,000 kg·ha⁻¹. Specifically, peanut seeds contained 30.1% crude protein, 18.8% soluble sugar, and 48.7% crude fat. Wheat seeds contained 15.4% crude protein and 26.2% soluble sugar, while maize seeds contained 9.0% crude protein and 22.8% soluble sugar. In addition, soil available nutrient contents increased following pig manure application. Importantly, no excessive accumulation of heavy metals was detected in either crops or soil under any treatment.

Conclusion

These results collectively indicate that pig manure application within circular agricultural eco-parks not only supports crop growth and quality but also contributes to maintaining soil health, thus providing valuable insights for advancing the integrated goals of food security and sustainable soil management.