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Background <p>The Replication Protein A (RPA) is a highly conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds single-stranded DNA and interacts with multiple proteins, playing essential roles in DNA replication, repair, and homologous recombination, thereby maintaining genome stability and supporting normal development. However, the specific members and functions of the <i>RPA</i> gene family remain uncharacterized in maize.</p> Results <p>In this study, 13 <i>ZmRPA</i> members in maize were identified, which exhibited a wide range of protein lengths, from 86 to 876 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis of these <i>ZmRPA</i> genes revealed their classification into three distinct subgroups: <i>RPA1</i>, <i>RPA2</i>, and <i>RPA3</i>. Notably, within each subgroup, the motifs of ZmRPA proteins were similar, although variations were observed among different subfamilies. An analysis of gene duplication events suggests that <i>RPA</i> genes have remained highly conserved in maize. Furthermore, the analysis of cis-elements indicated that <i>RPA</i> genes are associated with light-responsive, as well as plant growth and development. RNA-seq analysis revealed that some <i>ZmRPA</i> genes exhibited pronounced expression changes under cold and drought stresses, while the results of tissue-specific expression analysis showed that most <i>ZmRPA</i> genes were highly expressed in the actively dividing meristems and reproductive primordia. Protein interaction and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that ZmRPA family members interact with each other to perform their biological functions.</p> Conclusions <p>Collectively, these findings suggest that ZmRPA family subunits may play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as stress responses, by forming various types of heteromeric complexes through protein interactions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the <i>RPA</i> gene family in maize and will facilitate further effective characterization of the <i>RPA</i> genes.</p>

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Genome-wide identification and characterization of the RPA gene family in maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Xiaoling Zhang,
  • Caihong Sun,
  • Bingying Li,
  • Qinli Yang,
  • Huanli Li,
  • Huanyang Zhang,
  • Hongli Li,
  • Yonghong Zhu,
  • Jing Li,
  • Xiaoxia Shangguan

摘要

Background

The Replication Protein A (RPA) is a highly conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds single-stranded DNA and interacts with multiple proteins, playing essential roles in DNA replication, repair, and homologous recombination, thereby maintaining genome stability and supporting normal development. However, the specific members and functions of the RPA gene family remain uncharacterized in maize.

Results

In this study, 13 ZmRPA members in maize were identified, which exhibited a wide range of protein lengths, from 86 to 876 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis of these ZmRPA genes revealed their classification into three distinct subgroups: RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3. Notably, within each subgroup, the motifs of ZmRPA proteins were similar, although variations were observed among different subfamilies. An analysis of gene duplication events suggests that RPA genes have remained highly conserved in maize. Furthermore, the analysis of cis-elements indicated that RPA genes are associated with light-responsive, as well as plant growth and development. RNA-seq analysis revealed that some ZmRPA genes exhibited pronounced expression changes under cold and drought stresses, while the results of tissue-specific expression analysis showed that most ZmRPA genes were highly expressed in the actively dividing meristems and reproductive primordia. Protein interaction and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that ZmRPA family members interact with each other to perform their biological functions.

Conclusions

Collectively, these findings suggest that ZmRPA family subunits may play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as stress responses, by forming various types of heteromeric complexes through protein interactions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the RPA gene family in maize and will facilitate further effective characterization of the RPA genes.