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<p>The effects of scion and rootstock combinations on rhizosphere microbial communities in grafted pear remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate whether the genotypes of rootstocks or scions influence the rhizosphere fungal community and to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. We investigated two scion cultivars: the European pear '<i>Hongqie</i>' (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.) and the Asian pear '<i>Sucui</i>' (<i>Pyrus pyrifolia</i> (Burm. F.) Nakai), in combination with two widely utilized Chinese rootstocks '<i>Shanli</i>' (<i>Pyrus ussuriensis</i> Maxim) and '<i>Duli</i>' (<i>Pyrus betulifolia</i> Bunge). Four distinct grafting combinations were used and we measured photosynthetic capacity and its products, as well as physical and chemical properties of the soil and rhizosphere fungal community under identical environmental conditions. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant scion-driven remodeling of gene expression, with 11,230 to 11,170 genes activated, primarily in carbohydrate metabolism pathways (e.g., Calvin cycle, nucleotide sugar metabolism). Notably, '<i>Hongqie</i>' scions accumulated higher levels of leaf fructose (<i>P</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>), sorbitol (<i>P</i> &lt; <i>0.001</i>), and sucrose (<i>P</i> &lt; <i>0.001</i>), exhibiting distinct source-sink carbon allocation patterns. Rhizosphere fungal communities displayed significant scion-specific differentiation, '<i>Hongqie</i>'-associated communities exhibited a higher abundance of <i>Basidiomycota</i> and were enriched in <i>Fusarium</i> species (<i>P</i> &lt; <i>0.01</i>), while '<i>Sucui</i>' favored <i>Cladosporium</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>). Fungal co-occurrence networks indicated that '<i>Hongqie</i>' rhizospheres had denser interaction networks, with core ASVs positively correlated with photosynthetic parameters (e.g., P<sub>n</sub>, T<sub>r</sub>) and available potassium (AK). These findings suggest that scion genotypes are associated with differences in rhizosphere fungal ecology and are consistent with a role for photosynthate-mediated signaling, providing mechanistic insights that can inform the optimization of graft combinations to enhance soil–plant-microbe interactions in sustainable pear production.</p>

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Pear scion genotypes shape rhizosphere fungal communities in association with photosynthetic sugar metabolism

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Hao Xu,
  • Han Yang,
  • Yujie Shi,
  • Xiao Hu,
  • Liping Kan,
  • Tianjie Yang,
  • Yangchun Xu,
  • Caixia Dong,
  • Qirong Shen

摘要

The effects of scion and rootstock combinations on rhizosphere microbial communities in grafted pear remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate whether the genotypes of rootstocks or scions influence the rhizosphere fungal community and to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. We investigated two scion cultivars: the European pear 'Hongqie' (Pyrus communis L.) and the Asian pear 'Sucui' (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. F.) Nakai), in combination with two widely utilized Chinese rootstocks 'Shanli' (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) and 'Duli' (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge). Four distinct grafting combinations were used and we measured photosynthetic capacity and its products, as well as physical and chemical properties of the soil and rhizosphere fungal community under identical environmental conditions. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant scion-driven remodeling of gene expression, with 11,230 to 11,170 genes activated, primarily in carbohydrate metabolism pathways (e.g., Calvin cycle, nucleotide sugar metabolism). Notably, 'Hongqie' scions accumulated higher levels of leaf fructose (P < 0.05), sorbitol (P < 0.001), and sucrose (P < 0.001), exhibiting distinct source-sink carbon allocation patterns. Rhizosphere fungal communities displayed significant scion-specific differentiation, 'Hongqie'-associated communities exhibited a higher abundance of Basidiomycota and were enriched in Fusarium species (P < 0.01), while 'Sucui' favored Cladosporium (P < 0.05). Fungal co-occurrence networks indicated that 'Hongqie' rhizospheres had denser interaction networks, with core ASVs positively correlated with photosynthetic parameters (e.g., Pn, Tr) and available potassium (AK). These findings suggest that scion genotypes are associated with differences in rhizosphere fungal ecology and are consistent with a role for photosynthate-mediated signaling, providing mechanistic insights that can inform the optimization of graft combinations to enhance soil–plant-microbe interactions in sustainable pear production.