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Background <p>Linker proteins are essential components of phycobilisome (PBS), playing critical roles in phycobilisome assembly, energy transfer, and structural stability. However, these proteins remain poorly characterized in the economically important red macroalga <i>Neopyropia yezoensis</i>.</p> Results <p>In this study, we identified 24 PBS linker proteins in <i>Ny. yezoensis</i> and systematically investigated their physicochemical properties, structural features, chromosomal localizations, <i>cis</i>-acting elements, evolutionary relationships, and functional roles. These PBS linker proteins were classified into four groups (L<sub>R</sub>, L<sub>RC</sub>, L<sub>C</sub>, and L<sub>CM</sub>), with the majority encoded by nuclear genes. Notably, the number of genes within the L<sub>R</sub> group has markedly increased in <i>Ny. yezoensis</i>, which may have contributed to the species’ adaptation to diverse light environments. Expression analysis revealed that PBS linker genes exhibited distinct stage-specific expression patterns, with many highly expressed during the sporophyte stage, suggesting their crucial roles in adapting to the distinct environmental conditions associated with the two life-history stages of <i>Ny. yezoensis</i>. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of PBS linker genes were correlated with nitrogen availability, indicating that these PBS linker proteins may regulate phycobilisome assembly in response to nitrogen fluctuations.</p> Conclusions <p>This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of PBS linker proteins in <i>Ny. yezoensis</i>. Our findings offer valuable insights into the evolution and function of PBS linker proteins and advance our understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of <i>Ny. yezoensis</i> to complex and dynamic environments.</p>

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Comprehensive analysis of phycobilisome linker proteins in Neopyropia yezoensis: classification, structure, evolution and function

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Tian Gao,
  • Yahui Yu,
  • Xinyu Zhu,
  • Hongye Xin,
  • Chengzhen Meng,
  • Wenlong Hu,
  • Xianghai Tang,
  • Yunxiang Mao

摘要

Background

Linker proteins are essential components of phycobilisome (PBS), playing critical roles in phycobilisome assembly, energy transfer, and structural stability. However, these proteins remain poorly characterized in the economically important red macroalga Neopyropia yezoensis.

Results

In this study, we identified 24 PBS linker proteins in Ny. yezoensis and systematically investigated their physicochemical properties, structural features, chromosomal localizations, cis-acting elements, evolutionary relationships, and functional roles. These PBS linker proteins were classified into four groups (LR, LRC, LC, and LCM), with the majority encoded by nuclear genes. Notably, the number of genes within the LR group has markedly increased in Ny. yezoensis, which may have contributed to the species’ adaptation to diverse light environments. Expression analysis revealed that PBS linker genes exhibited distinct stage-specific expression patterns, with many highly expressed during the sporophyte stage, suggesting their crucial roles in adapting to the distinct environmental conditions associated with the two life-history stages of Ny. yezoensis. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of PBS linker genes were correlated with nitrogen availability, indicating that these PBS linker proteins may regulate phycobilisome assembly in response to nitrogen fluctuations.

Conclusions

This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of PBS linker proteins in Ny. yezoensis. Our findings offer valuable insights into the evolution and function of PBS linker proteins and advance our understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of Ny. yezoensis to complex and dynamic environments.