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Background <p>Aphids that feed on alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) are widespread pests, causing significant losses in yield and forage quality through direct feeding damage and the transmission of plant viruses. In this study, we assessed aphid resistance in 239 genetically diverse alfalfa accessions across multiple field environments by quantifying aphid infestation levels.</p> Results <p>Leveraging more than 1.9&#xa0;million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms, a genome-wide association study identified 22 genomic loci significantly associated with aphid resistance. These loci were distributed across all eight alfalfa chromosomes and collectively explained between 4.05% and 24.19% of the observed phenotypic variance. Functional annotation of the candidate genes revealed their involvement in key biological pathways, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ABC transporter activity, and immune signaling processes. Notably, two NLR-type resistance genes, <i>Msa.H.0143490</i> and <i>Msa.H.0461950</i>, emerged as strong candidates for enhancing aphid resistance through genetic improvement.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic architecture of aphid resistance and offer molecular markers that can be utilized in marker-assisted selection to develop more resilient alfalfa cultivars.</p>

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Elucidation of genetic architecture for aphid resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) via genome-wide association study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Tianhui Yang,
  • Xueqian Jiang,
  • Fei He,
  • Ming Xu,
  • Chuan Wang,
  • Ruicai Long,
  • Mingna Li,
  • Junmei Kang,
  • Ping Li,
  • Ting Gao,
  • Qingchuan Yang

摘要

Background

Aphids that feed on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) are widespread pests, causing significant losses in yield and forage quality through direct feeding damage and the transmission of plant viruses. In this study, we assessed aphid resistance in 239 genetically diverse alfalfa accessions across multiple field environments by quantifying aphid infestation levels.

Results

Leveraging more than 1.9 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms, a genome-wide association study identified 22 genomic loci significantly associated with aphid resistance. These loci were distributed across all eight alfalfa chromosomes and collectively explained between 4.05% and 24.19% of the observed phenotypic variance. Functional annotation of the candidate genes revealed their involvement in key biological pathways, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ABC transporter activity, and immune signaling processes. Notably, two NLR-type resistance genes, Msa.H.0143490 and Msa.H.0461950, emerged as strong candidates for enhancing aphid resistance through genetic improvement.

Conclusions

These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic architecture of aphid resistance and offer molecular markers that can be utilized in marker-assisted selection to develop more resilient alfalfa cultivars.