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Background <p>Pigment synthesis pathways in Caryophyllales have long been debated, with uncertainties surrounding the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins in representative species. <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> provides a suitable model to clarify these mechanisms, which is valuable for understanding pigment metabolism and informing molecular breeding within Caryophyllales.</p> Results <p>Using a systematic multi-omics approach, we elucidated the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism in <i>P. olerace</i>a. Peonidin-3-O-glucoside was identified as the predominant anthocyanin component, and its abundance closely correlated with organ-specific coloration. We identified twenty-one key structural genes in the anthocyanin pathway (including <i>CHS</i>, <i>DFR</i>, <i>ANS</i>, and <i>UFGT</i>) and eleven transcription factors regulating anthocyanin accumulation, all showing distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. Notably, although the canonical anthocyanin transporter TT19 is absent in <i>P. olerace</i>a, a GST family gene (<i>evm.TU.LG12.1168</i>) was strongly associated with anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting a potential role in vacuolar transport.</p> Conclusions <p>This work establishes a systematic molecular framework for anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation in <i>P. oleracea</i>, highlights peonidin-3-O-glucoside as the primary pigment determinant of organ coloration, and proposes a GST-mediated transport mechanism in the absence of TT19. These findings offer theoretical insights for pigment metabolism research and provide a foundation for molecular breeding strategies across Caryophyllales.</p>

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Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis provides insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis in Portulaca oleracea

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Mingzhao Zhu,
  • Hanying Wu,
  • Yiqian Fu,
  • Linlin You,
  • Caiyun Yang,
  • Ran Zhao,
  • Xiangyang Han

摘要

Background

Pigment synthesis pathways in Caryophyllales have long been debated, with uncertainties surrounding the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins in representative species. Portulaca oleracea provides a suitable model to clarify these mechanisms, which is valuable for understanding pigment metabolism and informing molecular breeding within Caryophyllales.

Results

Using a systematic multi-omics approach, we elucidated the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism in P. oleracea. Peonidin-3-O-glucoside was identified as the predominant anthocyanin component, and its abundance closely correlated with organ-specific coloration. We identified twenty-one key structural genes in the anthocyanin pathway (including CHS, DFR, ANS, and UFGT) and eleven transcription factors regulating anthocyanin accumulation, all showing distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. Notably, although the canonical anthocyanin transporter TT19 is absent in P. oleracea, a GST family gene (evm.TU.LG12.1168) was strongly associated with anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting a potential role in vacuolar transport.

Conclusions

This work establishes a systematic molecular framework for anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation in P. oleracea, highlights peonidin-3-O-glucoside as the primary pigment determinant of organ coloration, and proposes a GST-mediated transport mechanism in the absence of TT19. These findings offer theoretical insights for pigment metabolism research and provide a foundation for molecular breeding strategies across Caryophyllales.