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Background <p>Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) is one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, animals, and microorganisms and plays important complex physiological role in plant growth and development, metabolic regulation, and environmental stress. With the development of bioinformatics, bHLH transcription factor families have been continuously identified and analyzed, but the bHLH family in <i>Beta vulgaris</i> has not been previously analyzed.</p> Results <p>Using whole-genome sequencing data from <i>B. vulgaris</i>, we identified 96 <i>BvbHLH</i> genes with relatively large differences in physicochemical properties that were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. A phylogenetic developmental tree was constructed using the BvbHLH and AtbHLH proteins, which were ultimately categorized into 21 subgroups and one unclassified group. The gene structure, conserved motifs, gene duplication events, and evolutionary relationships of the 96 <i>BvbHLH</i> genes were analyzed using various bioinformatics approaches. The results showed that motifs 1 and 2 were widely distributed in <i>BvbHLHs</i>, had highly conserved gene structures within the same subfamily, presence of four tandem duplication events, and six pairs of segmental duplication events, and were more closely homologous to dicotyledonous plants. We also analyzed the tissue-specific expression of 12 <i>BvbHLH</i> genes during <i>B. vulgaris</i> maturity and their responses to eight abiotic stresses using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p> Conclusions <p>Bioinformatics analysis of the gene structure, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern of the <i>B. vulgaris bHLH</i> gene family could help understanding better the evolution of the <i>bHLH</i> gene family as well as screening candidate genes in <i>B. vulgaris</i>.</p>

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Identification, characterization, and expression profiling of the bHLH gene family in Beta vulgaris

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Haizhu Yang,
  • Zhonghua Peng,
  • Guoxing Xue,
  • Weijiao Wu,
  • Hui Zhou,
  • Xin Yao,
  • Chao Ma,
  • Ailing He,
  • Jingjun Ruan

摘要

Background

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) is one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, animals, and microorganisms and plays important complex physiological role in plant growth and development, metabolic regulation, and environmental stress. With the development of bioinformatics, bHLH transcription factor families have been continuously identified and analyzed, but the bHLH family in Beta vulgaris has not been previously analyzed.

Results

Using whole-genome sequencing data from B. vulgaris, we identified 96 BvbHLH genes with relatively large differences in physicochemical properties that were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. A phylogenetic developmental tree was constructed using the BvbHLH and AtbHLH proteins, which were ultimately categorized into 21 subgroups and one unclassified group. The gene structure, conserved motifs, gene duplication events, and evolutionary relationships of the 96 BvbHLH genes were analyzed using various bioinformatics approaches. The results showed that motifs 1 and 2 were widely distributed in BvbHLHs, had highly conserved gene structures within the same subfamily, presence of four tandem duplication events, and six pairs of segmental duplication events, and were more closely homologous to dicotyledonous plants. We also analyzed the tissue-specific expression of 12 BvbHLH genes during B. vulgaris maturity and their responses to eight abiotic stresses using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusions

Bioinformatics analysis of the gene structure, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern of the B. vulgaris bHLH gene family could help understanding better the evolution of the bHLH gene family as well as screening candidate genes in B. vulgaris.