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Background <p>Anthracnose, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting leguminous forage crops worldwide. Due to its broad host range and ability to cause severe yield losses, identifying genetic resistance is crucial for sustainable disease management. <i>Stylosanthes guianensis</i>, a diploid, self-pollinating tropical legume widely cultivated as forage, cover crop, and green manure, exhibits natural variation in anthracnose resistance, making it an ideal model for investigating host resistance genes.</p> Results <p>In this study, we evaluated the resistance of 28 <i>S. guianensis</i> accessions to <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>, revealing a significant positive correlation between phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and anthracnose resistance. Transcriptome profiling identified five <i>SgPAL</i> genes, with <i>SgPAL1</i> and <i>SgPAL2</i> showing particularly strong induction upon pathogen infection and correlation with PAL activity. Functional characterization confirmed these genes encode cytoplasmically localized PAL enzymes. Overexpression of <i>SgPAL1/2</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> enhanced resistance to <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>, while integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, and biochemical analyses demonstrated that <i>SgPAL1/2</i>-mediated resistance operates through upregulation of lignin biosynthesis pathways, resulting in increased total lignin content and altered guaiacyl (G)/syringyl (S) monomer ratios.</p> Conclusion <p>This study identified <i>SgPAL1/2</i> as crucial genetic regulators of lignin-mediated anthracnose resistance. Our findings further revealed that the increase in both lignin content and the G/S ratio are significant factors enhancing resistance, offering promising targets for the genetic improvement of forage legume crops.</p>

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SgPAL1/2 confers anthracnose resistance in Stylosanthes guianensis by modulating lignin content and monomer ratios

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Mengze Gao,
  • Xipeng Ding,
  • Yajun Jiang,
  • Ronghui Dai,
  • Jianyu Zhang,
  • Pandao Liu,
  • Guodao Liu,
  • Lingyan Jiang,
  • Lijuan Luo

摘要

Background

Anthracnose, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting leguminous forage crops worldwide. Due to its broad host range and ability to cause severe yield losses, identifying genetic resistance is crucial for sustainable disease management. Stylosanthes guianensis, a diploid, self-pollinating tropical legume widely cultivated as forage, cover crop, and green manure, exhibits natural variation in anthracnose resistance, making it an ideal model for investigating host resistance genes.

Results

In this study, we evaluated the resistance of 28 S. guianensis accessions to C. gloeosporioides, revealing a significant positive correlation between phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and anthracnose resistance. Transcriptome profiling identified five SgPAL genes, with SgPAL1 and SgPAL2 showing particularly strong induction upon pathogen infection and correlation with PAL activity. Functional characterization confirmed these genes encode cytoplasmically localized PAL enzymes. Overexpression of SgPAL1/2 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resistance to C. gloeosporioides, while integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, and biochemical analyses demonstrated that SgPAL1/2-mediated resistance operates through upregulation of lignin biosynthesis pathways, resulting in increased total lignin content and altered guaiacyl (G)/syringyl (S) monomer ratios.

Conclusion

This study identified SgPAL1/2 as crucial genetic regulators of lignin-mediated anthracnose resistance. Our findings further revealed that the increase in both lignin content and the G/S ratio are significant factors enhancing resistance, offering promising targets for the genetic improvement of forage legume crops.