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Background <p>Climate change has brought many low–temperature events, which occurred more frequently in most wheat production regions of China. Low temperature stress inhibits early growth and development in wheat, causing severe damage or yield losses. Nitrogen (N) application enhances wheat growth and yield, yet few studies focus on how nitrogen regulates nitrogen assimilation and hormone signaling in wheat tillering nodes to alleviate low temperature stress. Therefore, in a 14–year long–term field experiment, we investigated physiological responses and transcriptome profiles of winter wheat under low-temperature stress and four N levels (N0–N3: 0, 90, 180, and 270&#xa0;kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively).</p> Results <p>N application rate significantly enhanced dry weight, tiller number, N accumulation, and yield as compared with the treatment without nitrogen (N0) under low-temperature stress. Moderate nitrogen supply (N2) most effectively increased these parameters by 70.3%, 50.0%, 92.9%, and 20.1%, respectively, compared with N0. The proline (Pro) and amino acids (AAs) content, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased with increasing N level, with N2 exhibiting the best performance. N application rate also increased auxin (IAA), trans–zeatin (tZ), and abscisic acid (ABA) contents, and N2 exhibited the highest IAA and ABA contents with increase by 39.2% and 12.2%, respectively, compared with N0. Transcriptome analysis indicated that some key genes such as those encoding nitrate reductase (NR), ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (NiR), cytokinin dehydrogenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were involved in the interaction between N supply and low temperature stress.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings indicate that moderate N at 180&#xa0;kg ha<sup>-1</sup> significantly enhances low temperature stress tolerance in winter wheat by increasing the antioxidant capacity and hormone content of tillers, and promoting nitrogen metabolism to increase the yield.</p>

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Moderate nitrogen supply alleviates low temperature stress by regulating nitrogen assimilation and hormone signaling in wheat tillering nodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Xuefang Sun,
  • Huanyu Du,
  • Xingfei Lv,
  • Qingxia Zhang,
  • Miaodan Fei,
  • Zengxu Li,
  • Xuejie Li,
  • Xin Hao,
  • Qing Sun,
  • Wen Jiang,
  • Chaoyu Song

摘要

Background

Climate change has brought many low–temperature events, which occurred more frequently in most wheat production regions of China. Low temperature stress inhibits early growth and development in wheat, causing severe damage or yield losses. Nitrogen (N) application enhances wheat growth and yield, yet few studies focus on how nitrogen regulates nitrogen assimilation and hormone signaling in wheat tillering nodes to alleviate low temperature stress. Therefore, in a 14–year long–term field experiment, we investigated physiological responses and transcriptome profiles of winter wheat under low-temperature stress and four N levels (N0–N3: 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha-1, respectively).

Results

N application rate significantly enhanced dry weight, tiller number, N accumulation, and yield as compared with the treatment without nitrogen (N0) under low-temperature stress. Moderate nitrogen supply (N2) most effectively increased these parameters by 70.3%, 50.0%, 92.9%, and 20.1%, respectively, compared with N0. The proline (Pro) and amino acids (AAs) content, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased with increasing N level, with N2 exhibiting the best performance. N application rate also increased auxin (IAA), trans–zeatin (tZ), and abscisic acid (ABA) contents, and N2 exhibited the highest IAA and ABA contents with increase by 39.2% and 12.2%, respectively, compared with N0. Transcriptome analysis indicated that some key genes such as those encoding nitrate reductase (NR), ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (NiR), cytokinin dehydrogenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were involved in the interaction between N supply and low temperature stress.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that moderate N at 180 kg ha-1 significantly enhances low temperature stress tolerance in winter wheat by increasing the antioxidant capacity and hormone content of tillers, and promoting nitrogen metabolism to increase the yield.