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<p>The current salinization of soils and water resources not only reduces crop yield, but it may also alter the known beneficial symbiotic relationships in the rhizosphere of different plant species, including different types of wheat. Shedding light on the symbiotic association of the mycorrhizae (AMF) and ancient wheats under saline conditions may pave the way for tackling salt-induced penalties of wheat grain yield and, hence, solving the current global food security concerns. A two-year field experiment and a pot experiment were carried out, where 10 and 11 wheat genotypes (including modern bread and durum and ancient spelt and emmer wheats), respectively, were exposed to 0 -120 mM NaCl salinity and either left uninoculated or inoculated with AMF (<i>Funnelliformis mosseae</i>). Salinity suppressed plant chlorophylls by up to 20%, carotenoids by 33%, relative water content by 16%, K and P concentrations by 17 and 35%, respectively, grain yield by 19%, total plant dry mass by 7%, root length by 37%, volume by 49%, area by 35%, and root branching by 41%, while increasing Na accumulation by 35%, and proline concentration by 72%. The negative effects of salinity tended to be milder in some of the ancient emmer and spelt wheat genotypes. AMF inoculation ameliorated the adverse effects of salinity on photosynthetic attributes, rooting traits, grain yield components, total dry mass (7%), leaf relative water content (5%), K (21%) and P (23%) concentrations, while reducing the Na (6%) concentration under both saline and non-saline conditions. The maintained chlorophyll levels, root development, K and P concentrations, and total dry mass of the salt-stressed ancient emmer (and to a lesser extent spelt) genotypes were further sustained by AMF inoculation. Overall, findings from the field and pot experiments showed that AMF inoculation is effective in ameliorating salt damages in wheat. These findings depict AMF inoculation of ancient emmer, spelt, and Khorasan wheats as a promising practical strategy for tackling the ever-increasing threats of salt stress to wheat production and food security.</p>

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Enhanced grain yield of mycorrhizae-inoculated modern and ancient wheats across different salinities: the gains stem from physiological, photosynthetic, and root attributes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Parviz Ehsanzadeh,
  • Saeed Feizabadi,
  • Jamshid Razmjoo

摘要

The current salinization of soils and water resources not only reduces crop yield, but it may also alter the known beneficial symbiotic relationships in the rhizosphere of different plant species, including different types of wheat. Shedding light on the symbiotic association of the mycorrhizae (AMF) and ancient wheats under saline conditions may pave the way for tackling salt-induced penalties of wheat grain yield and, hence, solving the current global food security concerns. A two-year field experiment and a pot experiment were carried out, where 10 and 11 wheat genotypes (including modern bread and durum and ancient spelt and emmer wheats), respectively, were exposed to 0 -120 mM NaCl salinity and either left uninoculated or inoculated with AMF (Funnelliformis mosseae). Salinity suppressed plant chlorophylls by up to 20%, carotenoids by 33%, relative water content by 16%, K and P concentrations by 17 and 35%, respectively, grain yield by 19%, total plant dry mass by 7%, root length by 37%, volume by 49%, area by 35%, and root branching by 41%, while increasing Na accumulation by 35%, and proline concentration by 72%. The negative effects of salinity tended to be milder in some of the ancient emmer and spelt wheat genotypes. AMF inoculation ameliorated the adverse effects of salinity on photosynthetic attributes, rooting traits, grain yield components, total dry mass (7%), leaf relative water content (5%), K (21%) and P (23%) concentrations, while reducing the Na (6%) concentration under both saline and non-saline conditions. The maintained chlorophyll levels, root development, K and P concentrations, and total dry mass of the salt-stressed ancient emmer (and to a lesser extent spelt) genotypes were further sustained by AMF inoculation. Overall, findings from the field and pot experiments showed that AMF inoculation is effective in ameliorating salt damages in wheat. These findings depict AMF inoculation of ancient emmer, spelt, and Khorasan wheats as a promising practical strategy for tackling the ever-increasing threats of salt stress to wheat production and food security.