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Background <p>European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) is a high-value, understudied crop that exhibits a large diversity of traits. Commercial production relies on a small number of globally grown varieties. Advancing hazelnut breeding requires a comprehensive understanding of its genetic diversity and its association with valuable traits. Here, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to sequence 316 hazelnut varieties, retaining 282 samples and 44,757 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after quality control. This collection was used to study genetic diversity, identify genomic loci under selection, and describe genome-wide association with nut traits, i.e. nut size, perimeter and caliber.</p> Results <p>We uncovered three genetic clusters and five ancestral populations, with Eurasian varieties (Türkiye, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) being the most distinct and European and U.S. populations showing higher admixture. We identified four loci under positive selection in Eurasian varieties, including one within <i>Cav06g02620</i> (probable calcium uniporter) on chromosome 6. We also characterized the nut morphology of 151 genotyped varieties, leading to the identification of ten SNPs associated with nut traits.</p> Conclusions <p>While functional validation of candidate genes and the use of a larger population are important for future analysis, our findings provide a basis for exploring the genetics of quantitative traits in hazelnut, supporting breeding and conservation efforts.</p>

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Genomic characterization of a global Corylus avellana L. collection: insights into hazelnut ancestry and genetic determinants of production traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Monique Salardi-Jost,
  • Svenja Mager,
  • Gabriele Dini,
  • Mercy Wairimu Macharia,
  • Mercè Rovira,
  • Valerio Cristofori,
  • Mario Enrico Pé,
  • Andrea Cavallero,
  • Claudio Todeschini,
  • Giuseppe Genova,
  • Matteo Dell’Acqua

摘要

Background

European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is a high-value, understudied crop that exhibits a large diversity of traits. Commercial production relies on a small number of globally grown varieties. Advancing hazelnut breeding requires a comprehensive understanding of its genetic diversity and its association with valuable traits. Here, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to sequence 316 hazelnut varieties, retaining 282 samples and 44,757 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after quality control. This collection was used to study genetic diversity, identify genomic loci under selection, and describe genome-wide association with nut traits, i.e. nut size, perimeter and caliber.

Results

We uncovered three genetic clusters and five ancestral populations, with Eurasian varieties (Türkiye, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) being the most distinct and European and U.S. populations showing higher admixture. We identified four loci under positive selection in Eurasian varieties, including one within Cav06g02620 (probable calcium uniporter) on chromosome 6. We also characterized the nut morphology of 151 genotyped varieties, leading to the identification of ten SNPs associated with nut traits.

Conclusions

While functional validation of candidate genes and the use of a larger population are important for future analysis, our findings provide a basis for exploring the genetics of quantitative traits in hazelnut, supporting breeding and conservation efforts.