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Background <p>Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.), a vital forage legume, faces significant productivity limitations from abiotic stresses. The <i>GARP</i> superfamily, characterized by a conserved B-motif domain, is crucial for regulating plant growth, development, and stress reponses. Despite extensive studies in model plants, the systematic characterization of <i>GARP</i> genes in alfalfa remains unexplored.</p> Results <p>In this study, a total of 51 <i>GARP</i> genes (referred to as <i>MsGARPs</i>) were identified from the alfalfa reference genome (Zhongmu No. 1) and renamed on the basis of their chromosomal distribution (<i>MsARR-B1</i> to <i>MsARR-B20</i> and <i>MsGLK1</i> to <i>MsGLK31</i>). These <i>MsGARP</i> proteins were phylogenetically classified into 5 subfamilies, <i>ARR-B</i>, <i>GLK</i>, <i>NIGT1/HRS1/HHO</i>, <i>PHR1/PHL1</i> and <i>KAN</i>.​ Gene structure and conserved motif analyses revealed motif 1 (B-motif) being universally conserved across all <i>MsGARP</i> members. Collinearity analysis detected 5 tandem and 7 segmental duplication events. Transcriptomic data demonstrated tissue-specific expression of <i>MsARR-B20</i> and widespread expression of 32 <i>MsGARP</i> genes across various tissues. Further analysis revealed that all <i>MsGLK</i> genes responded to drought, salt, and cold stress. Additionally, <i>MsGLK6</i>, <i>MsGLK17</i>, <i>MsGLK21</i> and <i>MsGLK23</i> exhibited significant differential expression in response to phosphate stress in both roots and shoots of alfalfa, with their expression induced under phosphate deficiency, highlighting their pivotal roles in adaptation to phosphorus starvation in alfalfa.​</p> Conclusion <p>The study provides the first systematic characterization of the <i>MsGARP</i> superfamily in alfalfa, elucidating their evolutionary dynamics and stress-responsive profiles. These findings lay a foundation for the functional dissection of <i>MsGARP</i> genes in abiotic stress adaptation, particularly phosphorus starvation, and offer insights for the breeding of stress-tolerant alfalfa varieties.</p>

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GARP superfamily in response to abiotic stresses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Yajing Wu,
  • He Zhu,
  • Siqi Wang,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Qingchuan Yang,
  • Xue Wang

摘要

Background

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a vital forage legume, faces significant productivity limitations from abiotic stresses. The GARP superfamily, characterized by a conserved B-motif domain, is crucial for regulating plant growth, development, and stress reponses. Despite extensive studies in model plants, the systematic characterization of GARP genes in alfalfa remains unexplored.

Results

In this study, a total of 51 GARP genes (referred to as MsGARPs) were identified from the alfalfa reference genome (Zhongmu No. 1) and renamed on the basis of their chromosomal distribution (MsARR-B1 to MsARR-B20 and MsGLK1 to MsGLK31). These MsGARP proteins were phylogenetically classified into 5 subfamilies, ARR-B, GLK, NIGT1/HRS1/HHO, PHR1/PHL1 and KAN.​ Gene structure and conserved motif analyses revealed motif 1 (B-motif) being universally conserved across all MsGARP members. Collinearity analysis detected 5 tandem and 7 segmental duplication events. Transcriptomic data demonstrated tissue-specific expression of MsARR-B20 and widespread expression of 32 MsGARP genes across various tissues. Further analysis revealed that all MsGLK genes responded to drought, salt, and cold stress. Additionally, MsGLK6, MsGLK17, MsGLK21 and MsGLK23 exhibited significant differential expression in response to phosphate stress in both roots and shoots of alfalfa, with their expression induced under phosphate deficiency, highlighting their pivotal roles in adaptation to phosphorus starvation in alfalfa.​

Conclusion

The study provides the first systematic characterization of the MsGARP superfamily in alfalfa, elucidating their evolutionary dynamics and stress-responsive profiles. These findings lay a foundation for the functional dissection of MsGARP genes in abiotic stress adaptation, particularly phosphorus starvation, and offer insights for the breeding of stress-tolerant alfalfa varieties.