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Background <p>Phytogenic synthesis of nanoparticles with plant extracts offers a novel approach to nanotechnology and provides prospects for their applications in medicine, agriculture, or environmental science. However, their antifungal activities have been least explored hitherto. The CuNPs were synthesized using bioactive molecules present in <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> L. leaf extract, and their antifungal activity against selected <i>Fusarium</i> species was tested. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized by mixing plant leaf extract and CuSO<sub>4</sub> with a 1:1 ratio. They had acquired attention due to their characteristic absorbance peak at 580&#xa0;nm, confirming CuNPs characterized through UV-VIS spectroscopy.</p> Results <p>Analysis of SEM affirmed the shape of CuNPs as square and triangular with a particle size of 13–88&#xa0;nm. EDX analysis revealed a high level of purity, emphasizing the presence of Copper (Cu), Oxygen (O), and Carbon (C) atoms. FTIR spectroscopy revealed significant phytochemical bands, highlighting the nanoparticle’s capacity to diminish Cu ions, which encompass polyphenols (3738.05&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>), surface hydroxyl groups (3419.79&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>), and C-OH stretching (1529.85&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>). The antifungal activity of copper nanoparticles was evaluated in vitro against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i>. Various concentrations of copper nanoparticles (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) were tested. Results indicated that the inhibition rate increased as the concentration of copper nanoparticles rose from 20 ppm to 100 ppm when cultured on media of Malt Extract Agar (MEA). At the highest concentration (100 ppm), the inhibition rates were 94.89% for F. solani and 80.12% for <i>F. oxysporum</i>. Notably, the media containing <i>F. solani</i> exhibited a higher inhibition rate at 100 ppm compared to the media containing <i>F. oxysporum</i>, demonstrating the effectiveness of CuNPs in treating infectious diseases caused by the fungus pathogens under examination.</p> Conclusion <p>The synthesized CuNPs can be an effective environmentally friendly method currently available for fungicides. This study suggests the search for effective innovative NPs synthesis and their application in addressing various urgent problems of agriculture and environmental management.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Phytogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles by using leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus and its antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium Solani

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Nazar Abbas,
  • Shakil Ahmed,
  • Madeeha Ansari,
  • Saud Alamri,
  • Alanoud T. Alfagham

摘要

Background

Phytogenic synthesis of nanoparticles with plant extracts offers a novel approach to nanotechnology and provides prospects for their applications in medicine, agriculture, or environmental science. However, their antifungal activities have been least explored hitherto. The CuNPs were synthesized using bioactive molecules present in Eucalyptus globulus L. leaf extract, and their antifungal activity against selected Fusarium species was tested. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized by mixing plant leaf extract and CuSO4 with a 1:1 ratio. They had acquired attention due to their characteristic absorbance peak at 580 nm, confirming CuNPs characterized through UV-VIS spectroscopy.

Results

Analysis of SEM affirmed the shape of CuNPs as square and triangular with a particle size of 13–88 nm. EDX analysis revealed a high level of purity, emphasizing the presence of Copper (Cu), Oxygen (O), and Carbon (C) atoms. FTIR spectroscopy revealed significant phytochemical bands, highlighting the nanoparticle’s capacity to diminish Cu ions, which encompass polyphenols (3738.05 cm−1), surface hydroxyl groups (3419.79 cm−1), and C-OH stretching (1529.85 cm−1). The antifungal activity of copper nanoparticles was evaluated in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Various concentrations of copper nanoparticles (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) were tested. Results indicated that the inhibition rate increased as the concentration of copper nanoparticles rose from 20 ppm to 100 ppm when cultured on media of Malt Extract Agar (MEA). At the highest concentration (100 ppm), the inhibition rates were 94.89% for F. solani and 80.12% for F. oxysporum. Notably, the media containing F. solani exhibited a higher inhibition rate at 100 ppm compared to the media containing F. oxysporum, demonstrating the effectiveness of CuNPs in treating infectious diseases caused by the fungus pathogens under examination.

Conclusion

The synthesized CuNPs can be an effective environmentally friendly method currently available for fungicides. This study suggests the search for effective innovative NPs synthesis and their application in addressing various urgent problems of agriculture and environmental management.

Graphical Abstract