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Background <p>Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key enzyme that removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle. Although <i>APX</i> genes have been reported in many species, comparative analysis of genome-wide, promoters, and gene functions between <i>F. vesca</i> (<i>Fragaria vesca</i> L.) and <i>F. × ananassa</i> (<i>Fragaria×ananassa</i> Duch.) have not been comprehensively explored.</p> Results <p>In this study, seven <i>FvAPX</i> and twenty <i>FaAPX</i> genes were divided into five subgroups. By comparative analysis of the 5 motifs between <i>F. vesca</i> and <i>F. × ananassa</i>, it was found that some fragments were gained/lost. These amino acid fragments might be closely related to the function of the <i>APX</i> genes. Synteny analysis of <i>F. vesca</i> and <i>F. × ananassa</i> showed that there were more collinearity genes with grapes. Compared with <i>F. × ananassa</i>, the FvAPX2, FvAPX3, FvAPX4, and FvAPX6 proteins were more likely to use Val and Leu in <i>F. vesca.</i> The RT‒qPCR results confirmed that <i>FaAPX5</i> and <i>FvAPX7</i> were obviously upregulated under the NaCl, PEG, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatments. The GUS assay showed that <i>FvAPX7</i> had stronger promoter activity than <i>FaAPX5</i>. Additionally, the overexpression of <i>FvAPX7</i> and <i>FaAPX5</i> in ‘Benihoppe’ leaves and <i>Arabidopsis</i> (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) improved activities of POD, SOD, CAT, and APX, and decreased the relative electrical conductivity and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content under NaCl, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and drought stresses.</p> Conclusions <p>Collectively, our study provides comprehensive insight regarding the evolutionary relationship between <i>F. vesca</i> and <i>F. × ananassa</i> and offers substantial opportunities for further research on the functions of <i>APX</i> genes.</p>

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Comparative analysis of synteny and functional divergence of APX genes in Fragaria vesca and Fragaria×ananassa

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月2日

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  • Shixiong Lu,
  • Juanbo Yang,
  • Guangling Shi,
  • Huiming Gou,
  • Zonghuan Ma,
  • Wenfang Li,
  • Baihong Chen,
  • Juan Mao

摘要

Background

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key enzyme that removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle. Although APX genes have been reported in many species, comparative analysis of genome-wide, promoters, and gene functions between F. vesca (Fragaria vesca L.) and F. × ananassa (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) have not been comprehensively explored.

Results

In this study, seven FvAPX and twenty FaAPX genes were divided into five subgroups. By comparative analysis of the 5 motifs between F. vesca and F. × ananassa, it was found that some fragments were gained/lost. These amino acid fragments might be closely related to the function of the APX genes. Synteny analysis of F. vesca and F. × ananassa showed that there were more collinearity genes with grapes. Compared with F. × ananassa, the FvAPX2, FvAPX3, FvAPX4, and FvAPX6 proteins were more likely to use Val and Leu in F. vesca. The RT‒qPCR results confirmed that FaAPX5 and FvAPX7 were obviously upregulated under the NaCl, PEG, and H2O2 treatments. The GUS assay showed that FvAPX7 had stronger promoter activity than FaAPX5. Additionally, the overexpression of FvAPX7 and FaAPX5 in ‘Benihoppe’ leaves and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) improved activities of POD, SOD, CAT, and APX, and decreased the relative electrical conductivity and H2O2 content under NaCl, H2O2, and drought stresses.

Conclusions

Collectively, our study provides comprehensive insight regarding the evolutionary relationship between F. vesca and F. × ananassa and offers substantial opportunities for further research on the functions of APX genes.