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Background <p>Melatonin plays a pivotal role in alleviating abiotic stresses, yet its biosynthesis regulation in crops, particularly wheat, remains unclear. This study explores regulatory components of melatonin biosynthesis under drought stress using bioinformatic, physiochemical, and molecular approaches in contrasting wheat genotypes.</p> Results <p>Bioinformatic analysis identified <i>SNAT</i>, a key melatonin biosynthesis gene, and 88 transcription factors (TFs) from 26 families as potential regulators. The regulatory network for <i>SNAT</i> highlighted <i>CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1</i> (<i>CGA1</i>) as a significant TF. Under drought stress, contrasting wheat genotypes exhibited distinct <i>CGA1-SNAT</i> module expression, melatonin and cytokinin levels, photosynthetic activity, and oxidative damage. Cytokinin treatments regulated the <i>CGA1-SNAT</i> module, altering melatonin content, SPAD values, and chloroplast numbers, particularly in drought-susceptible genotypes.</p> Conclusions <p>This study uncovers the pivotal role of the <i>CGA1-SNAT</i> module and its interaction with the cytokinin pathway in regulating melatonin biosynthesis during drought stress. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning drought tolerance and offer promising targets for genetic and biochemical interventions to improve crop resilience.</p>

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The CGA1-SNAT regulatory module potentially contributes to cytokinin-mediated melatonin biosynthesis and drought tolerance in wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月7日

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  • Roohollah Shamloo-Dashtpagerdi,
  • Angelica Lindlöf,
  • Massume Aliakbari

摘要

Background

Melatonin plays a pivotal role in alleviating abiotic stresses, yet its biosynthesis regulation in crops, particularly wheat, remains unclear. This study explores regulatory components of melatonin biosynthesis under drought stress using bioinformatic, physiochemical, and molecular approaches in contrasting wheat genotypes.

Results

Bioinformatic analysis identified SNAT, a key melatonin biosynthesis gene, and 88 transcription factors (TFs) from 26 families as potential regulators. The regulatory network for SNAT highlighted CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (CGA1) as a significant TF. Under drought stress, contrasting wheat genotypes exhibited distinct CGA1-SNAT module expression, melatonin and cytokinin levels, photosynthetic activity, and oxidative damage. Cytokinin treatments regulated the CGA1-SNAT module, altering melatonin content, SPAD values, and chloroplast numbers, particularly in drought-susceptible genotypes.

Conclusions

This study uncovers the pivotal role of the CGA1-SNAT module and its interaction with the cytokinin pathway in regulating melatonin biosynthesis during drought stress. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning drought tolerance and offer promising targets for genetic and biochemical interventions to improve crop resilience.