Scholarlink

Background <p><i>Phryma leptostachya</i> L. is a notable example of a species with a disjunct distribution, found in both East Asia and Eastern North America. Despite the striking morphological similarities between these geographically isolated populations, molecular evidence suggests that they may have diverged sufficiently to be considered distinct taxa.</p> Results <p>To clarify this, we analyzed the plastomes of <i>P. leptostachya</i> from Korea, Russia, and the USA. Their sizes ranged from 152,974 to 153,325&#xa0;bp, each containing 113 genes. Differences were observed in the boundaries between large single copy (LSC)/IRa and IRb/LSC. In <i>P. leptostachya</i>_USA, the <i>rps19</i> gene extended 30–31&#xa0;bp into the IRa, and the <i>rpl2</i> gene contracted 51–53&#xa0;bp at the IRa/b compared to those of <i>P. leptostachya</i>_Korea and <i>P. leptostachya</i>_Russia, suggesting that expansion of the inverted repeat (IR) region occurred in <i>P. leptostachya</i>_USA. Regions such as <i>psbZ</i>-<i>trnG</i>, <i>ccsA</i>-ndhD, <i>petA</i>-<i>psbJ</i>, and <i>psbC</i>-<i>trnS</i> were identified as hotspots with sequence differences in the plastome, indicating differences among <i>P. leptostachya</i> variants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that <i>P. leptostachya</i> from Korea and Russia formed monophyletic groups, while the variety from the USA was paraphyletic. The divergence of <i>P. leptostachya</i>_USA occurred during the Pliocene, about 5.25&#xa0;million years ago (MYA), whereas the split between <i>P. leptostachya</i>_Korea and <i>P. leptostachya</i>_Russia is estimated to have occurred approximately 0.87 MYA during the Pleistocene. The results also reveal that the family Phrymaceae underwent multiple dispersal and vicariance events from North America to East Asia, offering key insights into the phylogenetic relationships between <i>P. leptostachya</i> populations from Korea, Russia, and the USA. Based on the evidence, it is likely that <i>P. leptostachya</i> originated in North America and later migrated to East Asia via the Russian Far East and the Bering Land Bridge.</p> Conclusions <p>In conclusion, our study demonstrates clear molecular differences among <i>P. leptostachya</i> populations from various geographic locations, suggesting that these populations should be recognized as distinct species rather than conspecifics.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Revisiting Phryma leptostachya L.: phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns from complete plastome

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月4日

查看全文
  • Yeseul Kim,
  • Sumin Jeong,
  • Inkyu Park,
  • Hye-Kyoung Moon

摘要

Background

Phryma leptostachya L. is a notable example of a species with a disjunct distribution, found in both East Asia and Eastern North America. Despite the striking morphological similarities between these geographically isolated populations, molecular evidence suggests that they may have diverged sufficiently to be considered distinct taxa.

Results

To clarify this, we analyzed the plastomes of P. leptostachya from Korea, Russia, and the USA. Their sizes ranged from 152,974 to 153,325 bp, each containing 113 genes. Differences were observed in the boundaries between large single copy (LSC)/IRa and IRb/LSC. In P. leptostachya_USA, the rps19 gene extended 30–31 bp into the IRa, and the rpl2 gene contracted 51–53 bp at the IRa/b compared to those of P. leptostachya_Korea and P. leptostachya_Russia, suggesting that expansion of the inverted repeat (IR) region occurred in P. leptostachya_USA. Regions such as psbZ-trnG, ccsA-ndhD, petA-psbJ, and psbC-trnS were identified as hotspots with sequence differences in the plastome, indicating differences among P. leptostachya variants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. leptostachya from Korea and Russia formed monophyletic groups, while the variety from the USA was paraphyletic. The divergence of P. leptostachya_USA occurred during the Pliocene, about 5.25 million years ago (MYA), whereas the split between P. leptostachya_Korea and P. leptostachya_Russia is estimated to have occurred approximately 0.87 MYA during the Pleistocene. The results also reveal that the family Phrymaceae underwent multiple dispersal and vicariance events from North America to East Asia, offering key insights into the phylogenetic relationships between P. leptostachya populations from Korea, Russia, and the USA. Based on the evidence, it is likely that P. leptostachya originated in North America and later migrated to East Asia via the Russian Far East and the Bering Land Bridge.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study demonstrates clear molecular differences among P. leptostachya populations from various geographic locations, suggesting that these populations should be recognized as distinct species rather than conspecifics.