Scholarlink

<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is the second most cultivated cereal worldwide, covers approximately 27% of global cereal acreage, and remains a cornerstone of global food security. Climate warming increasingly threatens its yield in rainfed systems, driving the need for agronomic and genetic adaptation strategies. In dryland maize agroecosystems, soil fungal communities regulate nutrient turnover, aggregate stability, and carbon and nitrogen cycling, yet their response to common management practices remains poorly resolved. This study examined how mycobiome diversity and composition vary across agronomic management regimes and considered the possible implications for soil functioning under water-limited conditions. Four regimes were compared: pre-planting residue burning (T1), a first urea application (T2A), a second sequential urea application (T2B), and an unmanaged dry-forest soil used as a regional reference (T3). Communities were profiled by ITS-region metabarcoding using next-generation sequencing. Across the four regimes, 503 taxa were recovered; <i>Ascomycota</i> dominated at 69%, whereas <i>Glomeromycota</i> was markedly underrepresented at 0.8–1.4%. Amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness was highest in T2B (<i>n</i> = 647) and lowest in T1 (<i>n</i> = 433). All soils were acidic (pH &lt; 5.6): organic matter peaked in T1 (6.8%), nitrogen and phosphorus in T2B (65.9 and 14.8 ppm, respectively), and iron was exceptionally elevated in T3 (401 ppm). PCoA and PERMANOVA analyses confirmed clear treatment-level segregation (R²=0.23, F = 3.6, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Heat map analysis of the 20 most abundant ASVs revealed functionally coherent clusters: T1 and T2A grouped with thermotolerant, melanized taxa such as <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> and <i>Neosartorya</i>; T2B with nitrogen-tolerant <i>Exophiala</i> and <i>Talaromyces</i>; and T3 with generalist saprotrophs such as <i>Penicillium</i>. Sequential urea fertilization, combined with crop developmental succession, coincided with higher observed richness but lower evenness and a reduced share of mutualistic taxa, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Pyrogenic management, by contrast, favored more specialized fungal assemblages. Although observational, these findings provide preliminary evidence linking agronomic management to soil mycobiome structure and to carbon and nitrogen cycling dynamics in dryland agroecosystems.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Differential impact of fire, nitrogen fertilization, and unmanaged soils on the fungal mycobiome of rainfed maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

查看全文
  • Jazmin Salazar,
  • Juan Gonzalez,
  • Pablo Quinteros,
  • Silvia Parra-Suarez,
  • Andreas Kolb,
  • Adrián Valdez-Tenezaca

摘要

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second most cultivated cereal worldwide, covers approximately 27% of global cereal acreage, and remains a cornerstone of global food security. Climate warming increasingly threatens its yield in rainfed systems, driving the need for agronomic and genetic adaptation strategies. In dryland maize agroecosystems, soil fungal communities regulate nutrient turnover, aggregate stability, and carbon and nitrogen cycling, yet their response to common management practices remains poorly resolved. This study examined how mycobiome diversity and composition vary across agronomic management regimes and considered the possible implications for soil functioning under water-limited conditions. Four regimes were compared: pre-planting residue burning (T1), a first urea application (T2A), a second sequential urea application (T2B), and an unmanaged dry-forest soil used as a regional reference (T3). Communities were profiled by ITS-region metabarcoding using next-generation sequencing. Across the four regimes, 503 taxa were recovered; Ascomycota dominated at 69%, whereas Glomeromycota was markedly underrepresented at 0.8–1.4%. Amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness was highest in T2B (n = 647) and lowest in T1 (n = 433). All soils were acidic (pH < 5.6): organic matter peaked in T1 (6.8%), nitrogen and phosphorus in T2B (65.9 and 14.8 ppm, respectively), and iron was exceptionally elevated in T3 (401 ppm). PCoA and PERMANOVA analyses confirmed clear treatment-level segregation (R²=0.23, F = 3.6, p < 0.05). Heat map analysis of the 20 most abundant ASVs revealed functionally coherent clusters: T1 and T2A grouped with thermotolerant, melanized taxa such as Chaetomiaceae and Neosartorya; T2B with nitrogen-tolerant Exophiala and Talaromyces; and T3 with generalist saprotrophs such as Penicillium. Sequential urea fertilization, combined with crop developmental succession, coincided with higher observed richness but lower evenness and a reduced share of mutualistic taxa, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Pyrogenic management, by contrast, favored more specialized fungal assemblages. Although observational, these findings provide preliminary evidence linking agronomic management to soil mycobiome structure and to carbon and nitrogen cycling dynamics in dryland agroecosystems.