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<p>Soil flooding is a well-documented agricultural practice for disease control, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil flooding on watermelon growth, soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, and the diversity and richness of microbial community structure, and to examine the relationships between these factors and wilt incidence. The results showed that soil flooding reduced the population of FON and <i>Fusarium</i> wilt incidence, promoted plant growth, increased soil AP and AK contents, increased UA and ALPA activities, but decreased soil SOM and AN contents (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Bacterial diversity and richness were significantly higher, whereas fungal diversity and richness were significantly lower under soil flooding (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The microbial community structure was significantly altered by soil flooding. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidota increased, whereas that of the dominant fungal phylum Ascomycota decreased. Compared with continuous cropping, soil flooding increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbes like <i>Geobacillus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Nocardioides</i>, and <i>Penicillium</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungi such as <i>Fusarium</i> was reduced on day 30 after soil flooding (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Soil AK and AN influenced both bacterial and fungal microbial communities. The SEM analysis revealed that the indirect pathways from bacterial and fungal community richness, AK, and AN to watermelon <i>Fusarium</i> wilt were the primary drivers of disease incidence. In conclusion, soil flooding improves soil chemical properties and rebuilds a healthy soil microbiota, thus effectively suppressing watermelon <i>Fusarium</i> wilt.</p>

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Soil flooding suppresses Fusarium wilt in watermelon by modulating soil chemical properties and microbial community richness

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • HuiFang Lv,
  • Ying Zhang,
  • LingLing Wang,
  • Zulan Ou,
  • CongSheng Yan,
  • HuanXin Zhang

摘要

Soil flooding is a well-documented agricultural practice for disease control, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil flooding on watermelon growth, soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, and the diversity and richness of microbial community structure, and to examine the relationships between these factors and wilt incidence. The results showed that soil flooding reduced the population of FON and Fusarium wilt incidence, promoted plant growth, increased soil AP and AK contents, increased UA and ALPA activities, but decreased soil SOM and AN contents (P < 0.05). Bacterial diversity and richness were significantly higher, whereas fungal diversity and richness were significantly lower under soil flooding (P < 0.05). The microbial community structure was significantly altered by soil flooding. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidota increased, whereas that of the dominant fungal phylum Ascomycota decreased. Compared with continuous cropping, soil flooding increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbes like Geobacillus, Bacillus, Nocardioides, and Penicillium (P < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium was reduced on day 30 after soil flooding (P < 0.05). Soil AK and AN influenced both bacterial and fungal microbial communities. The SEM analysis revealed that the indirect pathways from bacterial and fungal community richness, AK, and AN to watermelon Fusarium wilt were the primary drivers of disease incidence. In conclusion, soil flooding improves soil chemical properties and rebuilds a healthy soil microbiota, thus effectively suppressing watermelon Fusarium wilt.