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Background <p>Inanimate objects can serve as carriers for the transmission of potential pathogenic bacteria, especially those exhibiting multidrug resistant. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are significantly contributing to healthcare-associated infections.</p> Methods <p>Swab samples were collected from 185 inanimate objects using stratified simple random sampling for this cross-sectional study. Standard bacteriological techniques were used to identity and verify the isolated bacteria. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. After that, SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze the data, using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations. 95% confidence intervals and odds ratios were used to report associations, and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 was used as the threshold for statistical significance.</p> Results <p>Of the 185 inanimate objects sampled, 65 (35.1%) showed bacterial growth, yielding a total of 77 bacterial isolates. The major microorganisms were found in the gynecological and surgical wards. Floor 16 (20.8%), bed 13 (16.9%), and bedside Table&#xa0;13 (16.9%) were the most contaminated items. Among the overall isolates<i>, Staphylococcus aureus</i> 20 (26%) and <i>coagulase-negative staphylococci</i> 18 (23.4%) were the most common gram-positive, while <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., 12 (15.6%) and <i>Enterobacter</i> spp., 7 (9.1%) were the predominant gram-negative isolates. 68 (88.3%) of the 77 detected bacteria were multidrug resistant. Gynecology ward p-value 0.000 (AOR = 15.372, 95% CI = 3.520–67.129) and surgical ward p-value 0.009 (AOR = 6.060, 95% CI = 1.562–23.509) showed a significant association.</p> Conclusion <p>This study indicated that bacterial contamination was highly common with floors, beds, and, bedside tables, especially in the surgical and gynecological wards. <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>coagulase-negative staphylococcus:</i> the majority of bacteria showed multidrug resistance, which presented a serious risk for infections linked to healthcare. To lessen the burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the hospital setting, it is highly advised to strengthen infection prevention and control measures.</p>

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Beyond the patient: Inanimate objects as reservoirs for potential pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance patterns in hospital wards, a cross-sectional study from Goba Referral Hospital

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Jemal Esmael,
  • Mohammedaman Mama,
  • Awel Kedir,
  • Wakuman Taye

摘要

Background

Inanimate objects can serve as carriers for the transmission of potential pathogenic bacteria, especially those exhibiting multidrug resistant. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are significantly contributing to healthcare-associated infections.

Methods

Swab samples were collected from 185 inanimate objects using stratified simple random sampling for this cross-sectional study. Standard bacteriological techniques were used to identity and verify the isolated bacteria. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. After that, SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze the data, using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations. 95% confidence intervals and odds ratios were used to report associations, and p < 0.05 was used as the threshold for statistical significance.

Results

Of the 185 inanimate objects sampled, 65 (35.1%) showed bacterial growth, yielding a total of 77 bacterial isolates. The major microorganisms were found in the gynecological and surgical wards. Floor 16 (20.8%), bed 13 (16.9%), and bedside Table 13 (16.9%) were the most contaminated items. Among the overall isolates, Staphylococcus aureus 20 (26%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci 18 (23.4%) were the most common gram-positive, while Acinetobacter spp., 12 (15.6%) and Enterobacter spp., 7 (9.1%) were the predominant gram-negative isolates. 68 (88.3%) of the 77 detected bacteria were multidrug resistant. Gynecology ward p-value 0.000 (AOR = 15.372, 95% CI = 3.520–67.129) and surgical ward p-value 0.009 (AOR = 6.060, 95% CI = 1.562–23.509) showed a significant association.

Conclusion

This study indicated that bacterial contamination was highly common with floors, beds, and, bedside tables, especially in the surgical and gynecological wards. S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus: the majority of bacteria showed multidrug resistance, which presented a serious risk for infections linked to healthcare. To lessen the burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the hospital setting, it is highly advised to strengthen infection prevention and control measures.