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<p>In Northwest China, the dominant soil type is loess, which is highly susceptible to various environmental factors. Of these, limited research has focused on the impacts of sound disturbance and temperature fluctuations on the microbial communities in loess. An orthogonal experiment was conducted by varying sound intensity (70&#xa0;dB, 90&#xa0;dB, 110&#xa0;dB), sound duration (2&#xa0;h, 4&#xa0;h, 6&#xa0;h), and temperature (− 5 °C, 15 °C, 35 °C). Metagenomic sequencing was then applied to investigate the effects of sound and temperature on the composition and function of bacterial and fungal communities in loess. Our results show that under the combined effects of sound and temperature, the dominant phyla and genera of bacteria and fungi have different responses and preferences to temperature and sound decibels. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the Shannon index of the bacterial community differed significantly under the 90 dB treatment at − 5&#xa0;°C and under the 110 dB treatment at 15&#xa0;°C (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). For the fungal community, both the Simpson and Shannon indices showed significant differences under the 70 dB treatment at − 5&#xa0;°C and under the 110 dB treatment at 15&#xa0;°C (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Notably, the richness of rare fungal taxa and overall species richness in the loess fungal community were significantly enhanced at 90 dB compared with the control and other treatment groups, while these indices were significantly reduced at 110 dB. In the loess microbial treatment groups subjected to the combined effects of sound and temperature, the gene abundance of CAZy family genes was lowest under high decibel (110&#xa0;dB) sound stimulation. Among the six enzyme-encoding gene categories within the CAZy family, the highest number of annotated species was observed in Group A (2&#xa0;h, 70&#xa0;dB, − 5&#xa0;°C), whereas the lowest was recorded in Group C (6&#xa0;h, 110&#xa0;dB, − 5&#xa0;°C). Among the metabolic pathway functional genes annotated in the KEGG database, the abundance of metabolic genes in Group C (6&#xa0;h, 110&#xa0;dB, − 5&#xa0;°C) was significantly lower than that in other treatment groups.</p>

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Combined effects of sound and temperature on the composition and function of bacterial and fungal communities in loess

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Liping Zhao,
  • Mingkai Li,
  • YaLing Wang,
  • Li Chen

摘要

In Northwest China, the dominant soil type is loess, which is highly susceptible to various environmental factors. Of these, limited research has focused on the impacts of sound disturbance and temperature fluctuations on the microbial communities in loess. An orthogonal experiment was conducted by varying sound intensity (70 dB, 90 dB, 110 dB), sound duration (2 h, 4 h, 6 h), and temperature (− 5 °C, 15 °C, 35 °C). Metagenomic sequencing was then applied to investigate the effects of sound and temperature on the composition and function of bacterial and fungal communities in loess. Our results show that under the combined effects of sound and temperature, the dominant phyla and genera of bacteria and fungi have different responses and preferences to temperature and sound decibels. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the Shannon index of the bacterial community differed significantly under the 90 dB treatment at − 5 °C and under the 110 dB treatment at 15 °C (P < 0.05). For the fungal community, both the Simpson and Shannon indices showed significant differences under the 70 dB treatment at − 5 °C and under the 110 dB treatment at 15 °C (P < 0.05). Notably, the richness of rare fungal taxa and overall species richness in the loess fungal community were significantly enhanced at 90 dB compared with the control and other treatment groups, while these indices were significantly reduced at 110 dB. In the loess microbial treatment groups subjected to the combined effects of sound and temperature, the gene abundance of CAZy family genes was lowest under high decibel (110 dB) sound stimulation. Among the six enzyme-encoding gene categories within the CAZy family, the highest number of annotated species was observed in Group A (2 h, 70 dB, − 5 °C), whereas the lowest was recorded in Group C (6 h, 110 dB, − 5 °C). Among the metabolic pathway functional genes annotated in the KEGG database, the abundance of metabolic genes in Group C (6 h, 110 dB, − 5 °C) was significantly lower than that in other treatment groups.