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<p>This study isolated a novel thermophilic heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, <i>Aeribacillus pallidus</i> sp. GW-E, from aerobic composting. Under conditions of 55&#xa0;°C, the utilization efficiency of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, and NO₂⁻-N were 87.42%, 21.44%, and 51.68%, respectively. Whole-genome analysis identified key nitrogen metabolism genes (<i>amt</i>,<i> npd</i>,<i> nirA</i>,<i> gdhA</i>,<i> glnA</i>,<i> and gltBD</i>) as well as heat stress-related genes (<i>GRPE</i>,<i> hslO</i>,<i> groES</i>,<i> groEL</i>). Response surface optimization revealed that under conditions of a C/N ratio of 15, a temperature of 54&#xa0;°C, and a pH of 8, the NH₄⁺-N utilization efficiency reached 100%. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the activities of three enzymes in the ammonia assimilation pathway were GS 1.014 ± 0.030 U/mg, GDH 1.114 ± 0.090 U/mg, and GOGAT 11.611 ± 0.061 U/mg, which were significantly higher than those of other pathways (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Nitrogen balance analysis confirmed that approximately 40.04% of the nitrogen was assimilated. In conclusion, the bacterium primarily utilizes ammonia assimilation, with additional assimilated nitrate reduction and nitrification pathways for nitrogen transformation. This strain represents a valuable microbial resource and provides a theoretical basis for nitrogen retention in high-temperature composting systems.</p>

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Pathways and mechanisms for efficient nitrogen utilization in the high-temperature tolerant heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium Aeribacillus pallidus sp. GW-E

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Yindi Zhang,
  • Yongqi Ma,
  • Wenrui Qi,
  • Wenping Guan,
  • Lulin Gong,
  • Yuan Xue,
  • Dong Lin,
  • Likun Sun,
  • Zike Wang

摘要

This study isolated a novel thermophilic heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, Aeribacillus pallidus sp. GW-E, from aerobic composting. Under conditions of 55 °C, the utilization efficiency of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, and NO₂⁻-N were 87.42%, 21.44%, and 51.68%, respectively. Whole-genome analysis identified key nitrogen metabolism genes (amt, npd, nirA, gdhA, glnA, and gltBD) as well as heat stress-related genes (GRPE, hslO, groES, groEL). Response surface optimization revealed that under conditions of a C/N ratio of 15, a temperature of 54 °C, and a pH of 8, the NH₄⁺-N utilization efficiency reached 100%. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the activities of three enzymes in the ammonia assimilation pathway were GS 1.014 ± 0.030 U/mg, GDH 1.114 ± 0.090 U/mg, and GOGAT 11.611 ± 0.061 U/mg, which were significantly higher than those of other pathways (P < 0.05). Nitrogen balance analysis confirmed that approximately 40.04% of the nitrogen was assimilated. In conclusion, the bacterium primarily utilizes ammonia assimilation, with additional assimilated nitrate reduction and nitrification pathways for nitrogen transformation. This strain represents a valuable microbial resource and provides a theoretical basis for nitrogen retention in high-temperature composting systems.