Scholarlink

Background <p>Although the acute toxicity of microcystin-LR has been widely confirmed, its effects on aquatic organisms at environmental concentrations have not been systematically studied. To reveal the effects of microcystin-LR on gut development and the microbiota of tadpoles, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> tadpoles were exposed to 0, 1, 5, 20, and 50&#xa0;µg/L of microcystin-LR for 1, 7, 49, and 70 days (d) and the results were analyzed using histopathology, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and <i>16&#xa0;S rRNA</i> amplicon sequencing.</p> Results <p>Exposure to 5&#xa0;µg/L microcystin-LR caused damage to the intestinal integrity and development of tadpoles, with the severity of damage increasing with higher concentrations. High concentrations of microcystin-LR (≥ 20&#xa0;µg/L) significantly increased intestinal epithelial thickness over 49 d. Additionally, exposure to different concentrations of microcystin-LR had varying effects on the expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-β in the intestine, and microcystin-LR exposure at 50&#xa0;µg/L continuously inhibited the expression of TGF-β. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes changed with sampling stages. In the samples taken at 49 d, Firmicutes and Tenericutes were significantly more abundant than in other samples, whereas Proteobacteria were significantly less abundant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Microcystin-degrading <i>Microbacterium</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> were the dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota.</p> Conclusion <p>These results suggested that exposure to different concentrations of microcystin-LR caused changes in the gut microbiota, potentially affecting the metabolism of microcystin-LR, and ultimately impacting the toxicity of microcystin-LR in <i>X. laevis</i> development.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Effects of different doses of microcystin-LR exposure on gut development and the microbiota of Xenopus laevis tadpoles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

查看全文
  • Jinjin Li,
  • Yuanyuan Zhang,
  • Jiajia Ni,
  • Wenxuan Hou,
  • Lei Huang,
  • Hanping Pan,
  • Chenxu Wang,
  • Kaixin Wang,
  • Shaoyuan Zuo,
  • Jiahao Dong,
  • Mingyu Zhang

摘要

Background

Although the acute toxicity of microcystin-LR has been widely confirmed, its effects on aquatic organisms at environmental concentrations have not been systematically studied. To reveal the effects of microcystin-LR on gut development and the microbiota of tadpoles, Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to 0, 1, 5, 20, and 50 µg/L of microcystin-LR for 1, 7, 49, and 70 days (d) and the results were analyzed using histopathology, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Results

Exposure to 5 µg/L microcystin-LR caused damage to the intestinal integrity and development of tadpoles, with the severity of damage increasing with higher concentrations. High concentrations of microcystin-LR (≥ 20 µg/L) significantly increased intestinal epithelial thickness over 49 d. Additionally, exposure to different concentrations of microcystin-LR had varying effects on the expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-β in the intestine, and microcystin-LR exposure at 50 µg/L continuously inhibited the expression of TGF-β. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes changed with sampling stages. In the samples taken at 49 d, Firmicutes and Tenericutes were significantly more abundant than in other samples, whereas Proteobacteria were significantly less abundant (p < 0.05). Microcystin-degrading Microbacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter were the dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota.

Conclusion

These results suggested that exposure to different concentrations of microcystin-LR caused changes in the gut microbiota, potentially affecting the metabolism of microcystin-LR, and ultimately impacting the toxicity of microcystin-LR in X. laevis development.