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Background <p>This study evaluates whether partial or complete soybean meal (SBM) replacement with field peas and faba beans in reduced-protein diets fed to broiler chicken alters jejunal transcriptional markers of nutrient transporters, barrier integrity, immune responses, and gut-brain signalling. A total of 360 Ross 308 chicks were assigned to six dietary treatments (SBM control; field peas or faba beans at 17% or 25%; or a 1:1 blend at 12.5% + 12.5%), with 10 replicate cages per treatment. On day 24, birds were gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) for permeability assessment and jejunal tissue samples were collected for gene expression analysis. Gene expression and FITC-d outcomes were analysed by ANCOVA using feed intake from day 10 to 24 as a covariate.</p> Results <p>Gene expression analysis showed that glucose transporter expression was unaffected by legume inclusion, with no differences detected in SGLT1, SGLT4, GLUT1, or GLUT5. In contrast, PepT1 and y+LAT1 were upregulated in SBM control birds (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Legume containing diets reduced claudin-3 and ZO-1, and dose-dependently decreased claudin-2, which was lowest in birds fed 25% faba beans (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Among immune and trophic markers, GLP-2 was downregulated in legume diets (<i>P</i> = 0.006) and MUC2 was upregulated (highest at 25% faba beans; <i>P</i> = 0.001), whereas IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, NF-κB, Nrf2, and CCK were unaffected. NPY and POMC were downregulated across all legume treatments (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), while AGRP, MLN, MLNR, and PYY were not affected. Serum FITC-d concentration was higher in legume-fed birds than in the SBM control (<i>P</i> = 0.048). Feed intake was not a significant covariate for any response variable. Correlation analysis showed that jejunal expression of barrier, appetite, and nutrient transporter related genes was linked to broiler performance, with Claudin-1 and 2, NPY, and POMC associated with higher weight gain and better feed efficiency (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>These targeted gene expression analyses indicate that legume-based formulations in reduced-protein diets were associated with altered jejunal transcription and increased intestinal permeability. These responses likely reflect the combined influence of legume inclusion, associated changes in diet structure, and differences in growth performance.</p>

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Targeted jejunal gene expression analysis suggests that high legume inclusion in reduced-protein diets is associated with increased intestinal permeability and altered gut barrier and appetite-regulating genes in broiler chickens

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Vahideh Shay Sadr,
  • Mehdi Toghyani,
  • Sonia Yun Liu,
  • Reza Barekatain

摘要

Background

This study evaluates whether partial or complete soybean meal (SBM) replacement with field peas and faba beans in reduced-protein diets fed to broiler chicken alters jejunal transcriptional markers of nutrient transporters, barrier integrity, immune responses, and gut-brain signalling. A total of 360 Ross 308 chicks were assigned to six dietary treatments (SBM control; field peas or faba beans at 17% or 25%; or a 1:1 blend at 12.5% + 12.5%), with 10 replicate cages per treatment. On day 24, birds were gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) for permeability assessment and jejunal tissue samples were collected for gene expression analysis. Gene expression and FITC-d outcomes were analysed by ANCOVA using feed intake from day 10 to 24 as a covariate.

Results

Gene expression analysis showed that glucose transporter expression was unaffected by legume inclusion, with no differences detected in SGLT1, SGLT4, GLUT1, or GLUT5. In contrast, PepT1 and y+LAT1 were upregulated in SBM control birds (P < 0.05). Legume containing diets reduced claudin-3 and ZO-1, and dose-dependently decreased claudin-2, which was lowest in birds fed 25% faba beans (P < 0.01). Among immune and trophic markers, GLP-2 was downregulated in legume diets (P = 0.006) and MUC2 was upregulated (highest at 25% faba beans; P = 0.001), whereas IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, NF-κB, Nrf2, and CCK were unaffected. NPY and POMC were downregulated across all legume treatments (P < 0.01), while AGRP, MLN, MLNR, and PYY were not affected. Serum FITC-d concentration was higher in legume-fed birds than in the SBM control (P = 0.048). Feed intake was not a significant covariate for any response variable. Correlation analysis showed that jejunal expression of barrier, appetite, and nutrient transporter related genes was linked to broiler performance, with Claudin-1 and 2, NPY, and POMC associated with higher weight gain and better feed efficiency (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

These targeted gene expression analyses indicate that legume-based formulations in reduced-protein diets were associated with altered jejunal transcription and increased intestinal permeability. These responses likely reflect the combined influence of legume inclusion, associated changes in diet structure, and differences in growth performance.