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Background <p>Minimising methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from livestock production is a global priority, and feed modifications, such as supplementing diets with microalgae, have previously been shown to help reducing enteric CH<sub>4</sub> production. This study explored blood-derived host gene expression profiles from twenty lambs supplemented with increasing levels of microalgae oil to investigate their transcriptional responses associated with varying microalgae oil levels while also exploring the host systemic responses towards varied CH<sub>4</sub> productions.</p> Results <p>Findings revealed no significant changes in CH<sub>4</sub> production with increasing levels of microalgae oil intake through phenotypic analysis (<i>P</i> = 0.18). However inter-individual variations in CH<sub>4</sub> production ranged from 27.02 to 47.86&#xa0;g/day throughout the study period. Blood RNA-Sequencing identified 64 significant genes including <i>DHCR7</i>, <i>DHCR24</i>,<i> HMGCS1</i>,<i> INSIG1</i>,<i> LSS</i>,<i> MSMO1</i>, and <i>SQLE</i>, which were involved in lipid metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis that became enriched alongside increasing microalgae oil intake levels thereby contributing to a positive impact on lambs’ metabolic functions. Additionally, seven significant blood-expressed host genes (<i>NME4</i>,<i> MARCHF3</i>,<i> PLXNB3</i>, <i>LOC132657460</i>,<i> LOC121819234</i>,<i> LOC105603087</i>,<i> LOC101116551</i>) functionally enriched in nucleotide metabolic pathways and immune responses were identified to have significant positive associations with increasing CH<sub>4</sub> production. Importantly, this study found no overlap between genes associated with microalgae oil intake and those linked to CH<sub>4</sub> emissions.</p> Conclusions <p>Findings suggest that microalgae oil intake and inter-individual variations in CH₄ production are associated with distinct blood-derived transcriptional responses. Although such signals should be interpreted as proxies for systemic host responses rather than direct measures of rumen-specific processes, these results emphasise the importance of considering host-associated molecular variations alongside dietary CH₄-mitigation strategies.</p>

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Blood-derived gene expression profiles associated with dietary microalgae oil intake and methane emission variation in lambs

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Steffimol Rose Chacko Kaitholil,
  • Mark H Mooney,
  • Aurélie Aubry,
  • Omar Cristobal-Carballo,
  • Richard Hillis,
  • Vahid Razban,
  • Tianhai Yan,
  • Faisal I Rezwan,
  • Steven Morrison,
  • Sharon Huws,
  • Masoud Shirali

摘要

Background

Minimising methane (CH4) emissions from livestock production is a global priority, and feed modifications, such as supplementing diets with microalgae, have previously been shown to help reducing enteric CH4 production. This study explored blood-derived host gene expression profiles from twenty lambs supplemented with increasing levels of microalgae oil to investigate their transcriptional responses associated with varying microalgae oil levels while also exploring the host systemic responses towards varied CH4 productions.

Results

Findings revealed no significant changes in CH4 production with increasing levels of microalgae oil intake through phenotypic analysis (P = 0.18). However inter-individual variations in CH4 production ranged from 27.02 to 47.86 g/day throughout the study period. Blood RNA-Sequencing identified 64 significant genes including DHCR7, DHCR24, HMGCS1, INSIG1, LSS, MSMO1, and SQLE, which were involved in lipid metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis that became enriched alongside increasing microalgae oil intake levels thereby contributing to a positive impact on lambs’ metabolic functions. Additionally, seven significant blood-expressed host genes (NME4, MARCHF3, PLXNB3, LOC132657460, LOC121819234, LOC105603087, LOC101116551) functionally enriched in nucleotide metabolic pathways and immune responses were identified to have significant positive associations with increasing CH4 production. Importantly, this study found no overlap between genes associated with microalgae oil intake and those linked to CH4 emissions.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that microalgae oil intake and inter-individual variations in CH₄ production are associated with distinct blood-derived transcriptional responses. Although such signals should be interpreted as proxies for systemic host responses rather than direct measures of rumen-specific processes, these results emphasise the importance of considering host-associated molecular variations alongside dietary CH₄-mitigation strategies.