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Background <p>Oxygen pressure varies dramatically with altitudes on Earth; however, humans and animals thrive at almost all altitudes.</p> Results <p>To better understand genetic basis underlying adaptation of closely related species to varying altitudes, we annotated and compared the genome of a white eared pheasant (WT) (<i>Crossoptilon crossoptilon</i>) inhabiting high altitudes and the genome of a brown eared pheasant (BR) (<i>C. mantchuricum</i>) inhabiting low altitudes. Moreover, we compared genetic variations in populations of WT and BR as well as of blue eared pheasants (BL) (<i>C. auritum</i>) inhabiting intermediate altitudes, and identified thousands of selective sweeps in each species.</p> Conclusions <p>Intriguingly, the unique genes and pseudogenes in the genomes of WT and BR converge on the same set of altitude adaptation-related pathways of four functional categories as genes in selective sweeps in each species. Thus, these species appear to adapt to highly varying altitudes by diverging selection on the same traits via loss-of-function mutations and fine-tuning genes in common pathways.</p>

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Comparative and population genomics analyses of eared pheasants inhabiting highly varying altitudes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Siwen Wu,
  • Kun Wang,
  • Xuehai Ge,
  • Sisi Yuan,
  • Dong-Dong Wu,
  • Changrong Ge,
  • Junjing Jia,
  • Zhengchang Su,
  • Tengfei Dou

摘要

Background

Oxygen pressure varies dramatically with altitudes on Earth; however, humans and animals thrive at almost all altitudes.

Results

To better understand genetic basis underlying adaptation of closely related species to varying altitudes, we annotated and compared the genome of a white eared pheasant (WT) (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) inhabiting high altitudes and the genome of a brown eared pheasant (BR) (C. mantchuricum) inhabiting low altitudes. Moreover, we compared genetic variations in populations of WT and BR as well as of blue eared pheasants (BL) (C. auritum) inhabiting intermediate altitudes, and identified thousands of selective sweeps in each species.

Conclusions

Intriguingly, the unique genes and pseudogenes in the genomes of WT and BR converge on the same set of altitude adaptation-related pathways of four functional categories as genes in selective sweeps in each species. Thus, these species appear to adapt to highly varying altitudes by diverging selection on the same traits via loss-of-function mutations and fine-tuning genes in common pathways.