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Background <p>The Bromeliaceae family contains many horticulturally and economically important species, including <i>Aechmea fasciata</i> and pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>). Compared to their well-studied chloroplast and nuclear genomes, the mitogenomes of bromeliads remain largely unexplored, hindering a full understanding of their organellar evolution and phylogenetic relationships. This study provides the first complete mitogenome assemblies and a comparative analysis for these two high-value bromeliads, revealing their phylogenetic affinities.</p> Results <p>Our findings suggested that the mitogenomes of <i>Ae. fasciata</i> and <i>An. comosus</i> both exhibit a simple master circle structure. They were 0.93–1.16&#xa0;Mb in length, containing similar protein-coding genes (PCGs) (42–44), 39 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. Notably, the synonymous codons usage analysis revealed a preference for A/U endings, and a total of 542–548 RNA editing sites were detected. Most PCGs were under purifying selection, indicating a strong evolutionary constraint to preserve functional integrity. Additionally, the ATP synthase gene exhibited high nucleotide diversity, suggesting that such genes may need further investigation in the context of future CMS-related studies. Phylogenetically, analyses based on shared PCGs provided robust support for the clustering relationships within Bromeliaceae, confirming that <i>An. comosus</i> and <i>Ae. fasciata</i> form a distinct clade and are separate from <i>Puya raimondii</i>.</p> Conclusions <p>This study establishes a crucial comparative genomic framework for Bromeliaceae, providing valuable genetic resources for future evolutionary studies and potential marker-assisted breeding applications.</p>

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Complete mitochondrial genomes of the two high-valued bromeliads: comparative genomics and evolutionary insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Bingpu Wang,
  • Peiyi Yang,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Hao Su,
  • Guangshun Li,
  • Kexin Fan,
  • Jing Yang,
  • Shuo Wang,
  • Chao Shi,
  • Bingyue Zhu

摘要

Background

The Bromeliaceae family contains many horticulturally and economically important species, including Aechmea fasciata and pineapple (Ananas comosus). Compared to their well-studied chloroplast and nuclear genomes, the mitogenomes of bromeliads remain largely unexplored, hindering a full understanding of their organellar evolution and phylogenetic relationships. This study provides the first complete mitogenome assemblies and a comparative analysis for these two high-value bromeliads, revealing their phylogenetic affinities.

Results

Our findings suggested that the mitogenomes of Ae. fasciata and An. comosus both exhibit a simple master circle structure. They were 0.93–1.16 Mb in length, containing similar protein-coding genes (PCGs) (42–44), 39 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. Notably, the synonymous codons usage analysis revealed a preference for A/U endings, and a total of 542–548 RNA editing sites were detected. Most PCGs were under purifying selection, indicating a strong evolutionary constraint to preserve functional integrity. Additionally, the ATP synthase gene exhibited high nucleotide diversity, suggesting that such genes may need further investigation in the context of future CMS-related studies. Phylogenetically, analyses based on shared PCGs provided robust support for the clustering relationships within Bromeliaceae, confirming that An. comosus and Ae. fasciata form a distinct clade and are separate from Puya raimondii.

Conclusions

This study establishes a crucial comparative genomic framework for Bromeliaceae, providing valuable genetic resources for future evolutionary studies and potential marker-assisted breeding applications.