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Background <p>The rising demand for high-quality pork among consumers has driven interest in genetic improvement strategies. Crossbreeding is well known to influence carcass performance and meat quality; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. In this study, the F1 generation of the Songlei Crossbred Pig (SL) was developed through crossing the Songliao Black Pig (male) (SS) and the Leixiang Pig (female) (LL). We integrated the transcriptomes and metabolomes of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of SS and SL under identical conditions to identify key mechanisms regulating the quality of crossbred meat.</p> Results <p>Compared with those of SS, the slaughter weight, carcass weight, and dressing percentage of SL were significantly lower, but the backfat thickness was greater; however, meat quality traits, including intramuscular fat (IMF), colour, and pH<sub>24h</sub>, were significantly greater, and the pressure loss and shear force were lower in SL. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed a total of 616 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 681 significantly differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the LD muscles of SS and SL. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed key <i>FASN</i>,<i> ADIPOQ</i>,<i> IGF1R</i> and <i>SREBF1</i> genes that regulate fat metabolism. Furthermore, multiomics joint analysis identified 99 common KEGG pathways, among which the first four pathways were related to fat metabolism, including the AMPK signalling pathway, PPAR signalling pathway, and the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes and insulin resistance. Gene and metabolite association analysis revealed that the expression of <i>alpha-dimorphecolic acid</i> metabolites was strongly correlated with that of the adipose metabolism-related genes <i>IRS1</i> and <i>ANGPTL4</i>.</p> Conclusions <p>The meat quality of SL was better than that of their male parents, but not the carcass traits were not. Additionally, several critical genes and pathways related to lipid metabolism were identified. These findings provide new insights into how meat quality can be improved by hybridization.</p>

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Multiomics transcriptome and metabolome insights into fat metabolism and meat quality in Songliao black pigs and Songlei crossbred pigs

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Jing Xu,
  • Yunpeng Zhang,
  • Suthar Teerath Kumar,
  • Enlong Liu,
  • Yunlong Zheng,
  • Yalong Zhu,
  • Qi Zhang,
  • Wu-Sheng Sun,
  • Li Pan,
  • Yuan Zhao,
  • Shu-Min Zhang

摘要

Background

The rising demand for high-quality pork among consumers has driven interest in genetic improvement strategies. Crossbreeding is well known to influence carcass performance and meat quality; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. In this study, the F1 generation of the Songlei Crossbred Pig (SL) was developed through crossing the Songliao Black Pig (male) (SS) and the Leixiang Pig (female) (LL). We integrated the transcriptomes and metabolomes of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of SS and SL under identical conditions to identify key mechanisms regulating the quality of crossbred meat.

Results

Compared with those of SS, the slaughter weight, carcass weight, and dressing percentage of SL were significantly lower, but the backfat thickness was greater; however, meat quality traits, including intramuscular fat (IMF), colour, and pH24h, were significantly greater, and the pressure loss and shear force were lower in SL. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed a total of 616 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 681 significantly differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the LD muscles of SS and SL. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed key FASN, ADIPOQ, IGF1R and SREBF1 genes that regulate fat metabolism. Furthermore, multiomics joint analysis identified 99 common KEGG pathways, among which the first four pathways were related to fat metabolism, including the AMPK signalling pathway, PPAR signalling pathway, and the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes and insulin resistance. Gene and metabolite association analysis revealed that the expression of alpha-dimorphecolic acid metabolites was strongly correlated with that of the adipose metabolism-related genes IRS1 and ANGPTL4.

Conclusions

The meat quality of SL was better than that of their male parents, but not the carcass traits were not. Additionally, several critical genes and pathways related to lipid metabolism were identified. These findings provide new insights into how meat quality can be improved by hybridization.