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Background <p>Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.) is a globally important vegetable crop, yet its production faces challenges due to various abiotic stresses. PYL proteins, which act as crucial abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, play a pivotal role in the plant's response to abiotic stresses. However, a genome-wide analysis of the PYL gene family in eggplant has not been conducted to date, hindering the study of their functions in plant development and their roles in abiotic stress tolerance.</p> Results <p>This study presents the first genome-wide identification of the PYL gene family in eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) (<i>Sm-PYL</i>), revealing 24 <i>Sm-PYL</i> genes (<i>Sm-PYL1-24</i>) encoding proteins with lengths (92–722 aa), molecular weights (10,256.59–83,087.82&#xa0;Da), and isoelectric points (4.45–9.77), classified into three subfamilies (I-III). Structural analysis showed exon numbers (1–11) and 15 conserved motifs, while evolutionary analysis identified six syntenic gene pairs under strong purifying selection (Ka/Ks &lt; 0.22) and expansion through diverse duplication mechanisms. Comparative genomics with tomato, potato and pepper revealed 86 syntenic pairs (Ka/Ks &lt; 0.50). Promoter analysis uncovered 20 cis-regulatory elements, predominantly light-responsive, associated with stress, hormone signaling, and growth. Expression profiling implicated <i>Sm-PYL1/12/14/15/23</i> in salt/drought responses and <i>Sm-PYL7/9/10/13/16/23/24</i> in cold adaptation, providing insights into their functional diversification in eggplant.</p> Conclusion <p>This study presents the first genome-wide identification of 24 <i>Sm-PYL</i> genes in eggplant, classified into three subfamilies. Structural and evolutionary analyses revealed conserved motifs, purifying selection, and gene family expansion through duplication. Comparative genomics with tomato, potato and pepper identified 86 syntenic pairs, highlighting evolutionary conservation. Promoter analysis uncovered stress- and hormone-related cis-elements, while expression profiling linked specific <i>Sm-PYLs</i> to salt/drought (<i>Sm-PYL1/12/14/15/23</i>) and cold (<i>Sm-PYL7/9/10/13/16/23/24</i>) responses. These findings enhance understanding of ABA-mediated stress tolerance in eggplant and provide a basis for future functional studies to improve abiotic stress resilience.</p>

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the PYL gene family in response to salt, drought and cold stresses in Solanum melongena L.

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Fangyi Gong,
  • Yanhong Lan,
  • Tian Zhang,
  • Chun Li,
  • Yifan Li,
  • Feng Xia,
  • Xiaojun Liu,
  • Duchen Liu,
  • Genyun Liang,
  • Chao Fang,
  • Peng Cai

摘要

Background

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a globally important vegetable crop, yet its production faces challenges due to various abiotic stresses. PYL proteins, which act as crucial abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, play a pivotal role in the plant's response to abiotic stresses. However, a genome-wide analysis of the PYL gene family in eggplant has not been conducted to date, hindering the study of their functions in plant development and their roles in abiotic stress tolerance.

Results

This study presents the first genome-wide identification of the PYL gene family in eggplant (Solanum melongena) (Sm-PYL), revealing 24 Sm-PYL genes (Sm-PYL1-24) encoding proteins with lengths (92–722 aa), molecular weights (10,256.59–83,087.82 Da), and isoelectric points (4.45–9.77), classified into three subfamilies (I-III). Structural analysis showed exon numbers (1–11) and 15 conserved motifs, while evolutionary analysis identified six syntenic gene pairs under strong purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 0.22) and expansion through diverse duplication mechanisms. Comparative genomics with tomato, potato and pepper revealed 86 syntenic pairs (Ka/Ks < 0.50). Promoter analysis uncovered 20 cis-regulatory elements, predominantly light-responsive, associated with stress, hormone signaling, and growth. Expression profiling implicated Sm-PYL1/12/14/15/23 in salt/drought responses and Sm-PYL7/9/10/13/16/23/24 in cold adaptation, providing insights into their functional diversification in eggplant.

Conclusion

This study presents the first genome-wide identification of 24 Sm-PYL genes in eggplant, classified into three subfamilies. Structural and evolutionary analyses revealed conserved motifs, purifying selection, and gene family expansion through duplication. Comparative genomics with tomato, potato and pepper identified 86 syntenic pairs, highlighting evolutionary conservation. Promoter analysis uncovered stress- and hormone-related cis-elements, while expression profiling linked specific Sm-PYLs to salt/drought (Sm-PYL1/12/14/15/23) and cold (Sm-PYL7/9/10/13/16/23/24) responses. These findings enhance understanding of ABA-mediated stress tolerance in eggplant and provide a basis for future functional studies to improve abiotic stress resilience.